1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Synthase, a Limiting Enzyme for Plastidic Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Plants*

By J. Estevez, A. Cantero, A. Reindl, Stuart A. Reichler, P. León. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001

659 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The initial step of the plastidic 2C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway that produces isopentenyl diphosphate is catalyzed by 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase. To investigate whether or not 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase catalyzes a limiting step in the MEP pathway in plants, we produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants that over- or underexpress this enzyme. Compared with non-transgenic wild-type plants, the transgenic plants accumulate different levels of various isoprenoids such as chlorophylls, tocopherols, carotenoids, abscisic acid, and gibberellins. Phenotypically, the transgenic plants had slight alterations in growth and germination rates. Because the levels of several plastidic isoprenoids correlate with changes in 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase levels, we conclude that this enzyme catalyzes one of the rate-limiting steps of the MEP biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, since the product of the MEP pathway is isopentenyl diphosphate, our results suggest that in plastids the pool of isopentenyl diphosphate is limiting to isprenoid production.

Subfields: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01730e5adccc9d4a51b07109f3f399e3432def36

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Citations in the corpus

Metabolic Engineering of Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Plants (2006, background): “Overexpression and downregulation of DXP synthase in Arabidopsis altered the levels of various isoprenoids, including chlorophylls, tocopherols, carotenoids, ABA and GAs ( Estevez et al., 2001 ).”
Carotenoid metabolism in plants. (2015, positive): “Indeed, overexpression of DXS and DXR in Arabidopsis seedlings increases carotenoid production (Estévez et al., 2001; Carretero-Paulet et al., 2006).”
Gibberellin biosynthesis and inactivation (2010, background): “DXP synthase is rate-limiting for IPP synthesis in all systems studied ( 13 , 43).”
Abscisic acid biosynthesis and catabolism. (2005, background): “Overexpression of genes encoding regulatory enzymes for the MEP pathway (1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5phosphate synthase), carotenoid biosynthesis (phytoene synthase), and xanthophyll cycle (ZEP) causes an enhanced accumulation of ABA in seeds or seedlings (25, 29, 66).”
Plant Growth Regulators II: Cytokinins, their Analogues and Antagonists (2008, methodology): “A similar strategy has been employed in Arabidopsis to ascertain if GA biosynthesis is plastid-localised (Estévez et al., 2001).”
Elucidation of the Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway for Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Bacteria and Plastids. A Metabolic Milestone Achieved through Genomics1 (2002, background): “…of the MEP pathway that has been shown to have a limiting role for isoprenoid biosynthesis in all the systems analyzed, including Arabidopsis (Estévez et al., 2001), tomato (Lois et al., 2000), and bacteria (Harker and Bramley, 1999; Miller et al., 1999, 2000; Kuzuyama et al., 2000c;…”
Comprehending crystalline β-carotene accumulation by comparing engineered cell models and the natural carotenoid-rich system of citrus (2011, neutral): “Carotenoids are synthesized in the plastids using isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), a common precursor for all isoprenoids, which is formed through the methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway (Estevez et al., 2001; Hoeffler et al., 2002; Botella-Pavia et al., 2004).”
The unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina Teod. as a model for abiotic stress tolerance: genetic advances and future perspectives (2011, background): “Previous conflicting results that were published regarding the regulation of PSY and PDS at the transcript and protein levels might be explained by the phate reductoisomerase (DXR), respectively (Estévez et al. 2001, Botella-Pavía et al. 2004, Rodríguez-Concepción 2006, Zulak and Bohlmann 2010).”
Isoprene emission from plants: why and how. (2007, background): “…diphosphate reductase (HDR) have had regulatory roles suggested in production of terpenoids such as carotenoids (Albrecht and Sandmann, 1994; Sun et al., 1998; Lois et al., 2000; Estévez et al., 2001; Carretero-Paulet et al., 2002, 2006; Guevara-Garcia et al., 2005; Muñoz-Bertomeu et al., 2006).”