The heritability of bipolar affective disorder and the genetic relationship to unipolar depression.

By P. McGuffin, F. Rijsdijk, M. Andrew, Pak Chung Sham, R. Katz, A. Cardno. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2003

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A Dynamic Network Approach for the Study of Human Phenotypes (2009, background): “Sibling studies have found that the relative risk of having a disease given that a sibling has the same disease typically ranges from RR,3 for type 2 diabetes [20] to RR,2–7 for early myocardial infarction [21], ,7–10 for bipolar disorder [22,23] and rheumatoid arthritis [24] and ,17–35 for Crohn’s ”
Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: an MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group (2017, neutral): “3,4 However, the underlying neurobiological mechanism of the disorder remains unclear.”
Research review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits. (2014, result): “65) estimated from reported summary statistics of Danish national data (Wray & Gottesman 2012), compared to estimates from meta-analysis of clinically ascertained studies (McGuffin et al., 2003; Sullivan, Kendler, & Neale, 2003) of 0.”