Innate immunity and neuroinflammation in the CNS: The role of microglia in Toll‐like receptor‐mediated neuronal injury

By S. Lehnardt. Glia, 2009

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The neuro-immune balance in neuropathic pain: involvement of inflammatory immune cells, immune-like glial cells and cytokines. (2010, neutral): “in Wallerian degeneration and nerve regeneration by macrophages and Schwann cells, as well as in mediating harmful neuroinflammatory responses, through activation of mast cells and microglia (reviewed by Aravalli et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2009a; Lehnardt, 2010).”
Toll-like receptor 4 is required for α-synuclein dependent activation of microglia and astroglia (2013, background): “a-Synucleinopathies (ASP), including Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), are characterized by a-synuclein (AS) positive cytoplasmic inclusions in neuronal and glial cells.”
Innate immunity in the central nervous system. (2012, neutral): “Neutrophils respond to PAMPs and DAMPs through TLRs and NLRs and are also activated by cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ .”