Spectroscopic Discovery of the Supernova 2003dh Associated with GRB 030329

By Krzysztof Zbigniew Stanek, Thomas Matheson, P. Garnavich, P. Martini, P. Berlind, N. Caldwell, P. Challis, Warren R. Brown, R. Schild, K. Krisciunas and 12 more. 2003

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We present early observations of the afterglow of GRB 030329 and the spectroscopic discovery of its associated supernova SN 2003dh. We obtained spectra of the afterglow of GRB 030329 each night from March 30.12 (0.6 days after the burst) to April 8.13 (UT) (9.6 days after the burst). The spectra cover a wavelength range of 350-850 nm. The early spectra consist of a power-law continuum (Fν ∝ ν-0.9) with narrow emission lines originating from H II regions in the host galaxy, indicating a low redshift of z = 0.1687. However, our spectra taken after 2003 April 5 show broad peaks in flux characteristic of a supernova. Correcting for the afterglow emission, we find that the spectrum of the supernova is remarkably similar to the Type Ic "hypernova" SN 1998bw. While the presence of supernovae has been inferred from the light curves and colors of gamma-ray burst afterglows in the past, this is the first direct, spectroscopic confirmation that a subset of classical gamma-ray bursts originate from supernovae.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fea0fad0c695ed9db515576a4608872d018c5c80

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. Bing Zhang
2. E. Berger
3. B. Metzger
4. Pawan Kumar
5. E. Quataert
6. E. Nakar
7. N. Smith
8. T. Piran

Citations in the corpus

• Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era (2007, neutral): “…been established, which include GRB 980425/SN 1998bw atz = 0.0085 (Galama et al. 1998; Kulkarni et al. 1998), GRB 030329/SN 2003dh at z = 0.168 (Stanek et al. 2003; Hjorth et al. 2003), GRB 031203/SN 2003lw at z = 0.105 (Malesani et al. 2004), GRB 060218/SN 2006aj atz = 0.0331 (Modjaz et al.…”
• Re-analysis of polarization in the γ-ray flux of GRB 021206 (2003, background): “…blue galaxies (Bloom et al. 1999; Bloom, Kulkarni & Djorgovski 2002a); the appearance of supernovae (SNe) explosion-like light curves at late times (Bloom et al. 2002b); and the recent convincing observation of a SNe spectrum associated with a GRB afterglow (Hjorth et al. 2003; Stanek et al. 2003).”
• GRB 080913 AT REDSHIFT 6.7 (2008, background): “Due to their connection to the death of massive stars (Woosley 1993; Galama et al. 1998; Hjorth et al. 2003; Stanek et al. 2003), long GRBs probe the evolution of cosmic star formation (Totani 1997; Wijers et al. 1998; Chary et al. 2007; Yüksel et al. 2008), re-ionization of the intergalactic…”
• Evolution of rapidly rotating metal-poor massive stars towards gamma-ray bursts (2005, background): “Their association with the deaths of massive stars (e.g. Hjorth et al. 2003; Stanek et al. 2003) renders thm as tracer of the cosmic history of star formation (see Bromm & Larson 2004 for a review).”
• A NEW POPULATION OF ULTRA-LONG DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURSTS (2013, background): “…majority of long-duration GRBs are due to stellar core collapse which also produces an accompanying supernova explosion (see Hjorth et al. 2003; Stanek et al. 2003; Hjorth & Bloom 2012, but see also Fynbo et al. 2006; Gal-Yam et al. 2006; Della Valle et al. 2006; Ofek et al. 2007 for rare…”
• THE FIRST POSITIVE DETECTION OF MOLECULAR GAS IN A GRB HOST GALAXY (2009, background): “The evidence for this is both direct, such as the observation of a contemporaneous supernova associated with some events (e.g., Stanek et al. 2003; Hjorth et al. 2003), and circumstantial, based on physical associations with star forming galaxies (see Fruchter et al. 2006).”
• Mass fall-back and accretion in the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (2008, background): “So, how do we explain the supernova-like optical light curves that have been seen in a few GRBs (e.g. Hjorth et al. 2003; Stanek et al. 2003; Modjaz et al. 2006)?”
• The Type Ic Hypernova SN 2003dh/GRB 030329 (2003, background): “Indeed, broad features characteristic of a SN spectrum were reported by Stanek et al. (2003) and later by Hjorth et al. (2003).”
• Magnetic tower outflows from a radial wire array Z-pinch (2005, background): “…likely play a critical role in the formation of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs for a review see Piran 2005) and perhaps by association (e.g. Galama 1998; Stanek et al. 2003) supernova as well (e.g. Leblanc & Wilson 1970; Khoklov et al 1999; MacFadyen and Woosley 1999; Wheeler, Meier , Wilson 2002;…”
• Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era (2009, background): “Detection of such signature came with the discovery by the HETE-2 mission of GRB 030329 (Stanek et al. 2003, Hjorth et al. 2003).”
• Bolometric light curves and explosion parameters of 38 stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (2014, background): “SNe Ic-BL have gathered much interest in recent years given their association with long-duration gamma-ray-bursts (GRBs; e.g. Galama et al. 1998; Stanek et al. 2003, see Hjorth & Bloom 2012 for a review).”
• The unusual X-ray emission of the short Swift GRB 090515: evidence for the formation of a magnetar? (2010, background): “Multiwavelength observations have associated LGRBs with type Ibc core collapse supernovae at cosmological distances (e.g. Hjorth et al. 2003; Stanek et al. 2003), although not all such supernovae produce long GRBs (Woosley & Bloom 2006).”
• General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the jet formation and large-scale propagation from black hole accretion systems (2006, background): “…light curve (SN2003dh) in the afterglow of GRB 030329 suggest that at least some longduration GRBs are consistent with core-collapse events (Stanek et al. 2003; Kawabata et al. 2003; Uemura et al. 2003; Hjorth et al. 2003). c© 2006 RAS, MNRAS 000, 1–25 Neutrino processes and magnetic…”
• Nucleosynthesis in Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of Galaxies (2013, background): “Important changes have come from the establishment of the connection between long GRBs and core-collapse supernovae from GRB 980425/SN 1998bw (Galama et al. 1998), GRB 030329/SN 2003dh (Stanek et al. 2003, Hjorth et al. 2003), GRB 031203/SN 2003lw, and GRB 120422A/SN2012bz (Melandri et al. 2012).”
• Gamma-Ray Burst Formation Rate Inferred from the Spectral Peak Energy-Peak Luminosity Relation (2003, background): “Currently, it is widely believed that the origin of the long-duration GRBs is the collapse of a massive star (Hjorth et al. 2003; Price et al. 2003; Uemura et al. 2003; Stanek et al. 2003).”
• Millisecond Magnetar Birth Connects FRB 121102 to Superluminous Supernovae and Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (2017, neutral): “The 4.9 GHz flux of LGRB 030329 (at a redshift z = 0.168 similar toFRB 121102; Stanek et al. 2003; Hjorth et al. 2003) at t ≈ 10 yr after the burst was Fν ≈ 20µJy (Mesler et al. 2012), somewhat brighter than predicted by the models in Fig.”
• Long γ-Ray Bursts and Type Ic Core-Collapse Supernovae Have Similar Locations in Hosts (2007, background): “…case of SN 2003dh, a residual SN Ic spectrum was discovered after subtracting a power-law continuum from the LGRB spectrum (Matheson et al. 2003; Stanek et al. 2003; Hjorth et al. 2003), and a SN Ic spectrum was clear in the follow-up spectra to the XRF counterpart to SN 2006aj (Modjaz et al.…”