Biodegradation, biodistribution and toxicity of chitosan.

By T. Kean, Maya Thanou. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2010

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Recent advances of chitosan nanoparticles as drug carriers (2011, background): “Chitosan of suitable molecular weight can be cleared by the kidney in vivo, while that of excessive molecular weight can be degraded into fragments suitable for renal clearance.(4) Chitosan is degraded mainly by chemical process and enzyme catalysis; the latter is the major in vivo process.”
Lifetime prediction of biodegradable polymers (2017, background): “Kean and Thanou [87] have recently reviewed studies on the biodegradation of chitosan, with enzymes such as chitosanase or lysozymes being known to degrade it [263].”
Does the Use of Chitosan Contribute to Oxalate Kidney Stone Formation? (2014, background): “This leads to a question: Can the toxicity of chitosan also be transferred to nanocomposites? Existing data currently suggest that the polysaccharide chitosan is a compound with low toxicity [6,7] and that the chitosan nanoparticle toxicity would be more related to the nanoparticle size and the pres”
Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications (2011, background): “in the food source for the animal/fungi producing the chitin so that the saccharide backbone is labeled, as detection of native chitosan is appearing to be a challenge [69].”