Regulation of Immune Responses by Extracellular Vesicles

By P. Robbins, A. Morelli. Nature reviews. Immunology, 2014

2,055 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are small membrane vesicles derived from multivesicular bodies or from the plasma membrane. Most, if not all, cell types release extracellular vesicles, which then enter the bodily fluids. These vesicles contain a subset of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids that are derived from the parent cell. It is thought that extracellular vesicles have important roles in intercellular communication, both locally and systemically, as they transfer their contents, including proteins, lipids and RNAs, between cells. Extracellular vesicles are involved in numerous physiological processes, and vesicles from both non-immune and immune cells have important roles in immune regulation. Moreover, extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics are being developed and clinically tested for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders and cancer. Given the tremendous therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles, this Review focuses on their role in modulating immune responses, as well as their potential therapeutic applications.

Subfields: Cancer Research, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fd4161f31586120b148bf2955e32116466514df0

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Citations in the corpus

Exosome-Based Cell-Cell Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment (2018, background): “In fact, early reports showed that antigens in tumor-derived exosomes can be transferred to DCs and induce specific anti-tumor immune responses (Andre et al., 2002; Robbins and Morelli, 2014).”
Exosome Theranostics: Biology and Translational Medicine (2018, background): “With the assistance of the Golgi complex, these early endosomes become late endosomes [6, 38], and intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) accumulated in their lumen during this process.”
Dendritic cell-derived exosomes as maintenance immunotherapy after first line chemotherapy in NSCLC (2015, background): “The outer membrane of Dex contains a wide range of antigen presentation (MHC class I, class II, CD1), adhesion (ICAMs), costimulatory (CD86, CD40), and docking (integrin) molecules, each of which facilitate the in vivo functionality of Dex.(4,5) Their longterm stability after freezing, their high de”
Exosomes and their roles in immune regulation and cancer. (2015, background): “[11] Robbins PD, Morelli AE.”
Focus on Extracellular Vesicles: Introducing the Next Small Big Thing (2016, background): “In this focus edition, Ohno and Kuroda discuss the potential of EV-based therapeutics [45], whereas comprehensive reviews covering the role of EVs in immune system-related processes were recently provided by Robbins and Morelli [198] and Théry et al. [124].”
Designer exosomes produced by implanted cells intracerebrally deliver therapeutic cargo for Parkinson’s disease treatment (2018, neutral): “For this purpose, we focused on engineering the following processes: (1) exosome biogenesis, (2) packaging of specific RNAs into exosomes, (3) secretion of exosomes, (4) targeting, and (5) delivery of mRNA into the cytosol of target cells.”
Tumor-derived exosomes and their role in cancer progression (2016, background): “In view of a ready up-take of these exosomes by DC, it was expected that processing of their cargo by the antigen processing machinery (APM) and presentation to T cells would lead to generation of anti-tumor responses [41].”
Precision Cancer Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities (2019, background): “[104–107] As well, activation of PI3K/Akt through loss of PTEN [108, 109] or amplification of other signaling pathways that converge downstream with the HER2 pathway to upregulate PI3K/Akt, such as the IGF-I receptor [110–112] or MET [113], have been shown to be potential mechanisms of resistance.”
Biodistribution and Delivery Efficiency of Unmodified Tumor-Derived Exosomes (2014, background): “Exosomes have been implicated in many immune-regulatory processes, including exposing activating ligands to NK cells and macrophages, transferring antigens to dendritic cells to allow activation of specific T cells, and direct T-cell activation [64–66].”