Exosome Theranostics: Biology and Translational Medicine

By Chuanjiang He, Shu Zheng, Yan Luo, Ben Wang. Theranostics, 2018

1,079 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Exosomes are common membrane-bound nanovesicles that contain diverse biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Exosomes are derived from cells through exocytosis, are ingested by target cells, and can transfer biological signals between local or distant cells. Exosome secretion is a constitutive phenomenon that is involved in both physiological and pathological processes and determines both the exosomal surface molecules and the contents. Hence, we can exploit exosomes as biomarkers, vaccines and drug carriers and modify them rationally for therapeutic interventions. However, it is still a challenge to identify, isolate and quantify exosomes accurately, efficiently and selectively. Further studies on exosomes will explore their potential in translational medicine and provide new avenues for the creation of effective clinical diagnostics and therapeutic strategies; the use of exosomes in these applications can be called exosome theranostics. This review describes the fundamental processes of exosome formation and uptake. In addition, the physiological and pathological roles of exosomes in biology are also illustrated with a focus on how exosomes can be exploited or engineered as powerful tools in translational medicine.

Subfields: Cancer Research, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4243462c3770f776b45c3bbeb73d4616a6d469c2

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Citations in the corpus

• Effect of exosomal miRNA on cancer biology and clinical applications (2018, background): “For example, HIV-1 achieves cell entry via exosome-mediated transfer of chemokine receptor 5 to recipient cells [87].”
• Therapeutic Nanoparticles and Their Targeted Delivery Applications (2020, background): “Exosomes play an important role in intracellular communication by transferring various compounds in physiological mechanisms such as immune response, neural communication, antigen presentation in diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and inflammation [76,79].”
• Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics (2020, methodology): “To counteract these problems, apart from combined application with other methods as previously suggested [102], another option is to employ cheaper and more stable antibody substitutes, such as aptamer technologies.”