Release of interleukins and other inflammatory cytokines by human adipose tissue is enhanced in obesity and primarily due to the nonfat cells.

By John Fain. Vitamins and hormones, 2006

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Mechanisms of insulin resistance in obesity (2013, background): “Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) is much more active than adipocytes in the production of TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines [30–33].”
Hypoxia and adipose tissue function and dysfunction in obesity. (2013, background): “As well as being the precursors of mature adipocytes, preadipocytes are significant inflammatory cells in their own right, expressing and releasing a range of inflammationrelated factors, particularly in response to stimulation by macrophage-derived mediators (27, 43, 97, 106, 136).”
The impact of maternal obesity on maternal and fetal health. (2008, background): “Adipose tissue also contains a large number of nonfat cells, including fibroblasts and immune cells such as mast cells, macrophages, and leukocytes.(8) Both adipocytes and nonfat cells synthesize and secrete numerous peptide and steroid hormones as well as cytokines and chemokines, and such factors ”
The Tumor Microenvironment: A Milieu Hindering and Obstructing Antitumor Immune Responses (2020, background): “These molecules include IL-8, CCL2, VEGF, TGF-β, TNF-α, hepatocyte growth factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, cathepsin S, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) (136, 137).”