Expressive behavior in economics and politics

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Interpersonal trust and welfare state support (2015, background): “…it is important to note that we are aware that respondents’ answers might be affected by several factors including the framing or phrasing of the question, social desirability, or even respondents’ inaccuracy regarding their own true attitudes (Bertrand and Mullainathan, 2001; Hillman, 2010).”
Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection (2013, background): “…that ideologically motivated reasoning is in fact expressively rational at the individual level, because it conveys individuals’ membership in and loyalty to groups on whom they depend for various forms of support, emotional, material, and otherwise (Hillman, 2010; Akerlof & Kranton, 2000).”
Motivated numeracy and enlightened self-government (2017, background): “…reliably promote the stakes that individuals have in conveying their commitment to identitydefining groups can thus be viewed as manifesting what Anderson (1993) and others (Lessig, 1995; Akerlof & Kranton, 2000; Cohen, 2003; Hillman, 2010; Stanovich, 2013) have described as expressive rationality.”
The ineffectiveness of development aid on growth: An update (2011, neutral): “To the extent the utility is purely expressive it is independent of the eventual results of the gift; see Hillman (2010).”