Clinical Application of Growth Factors and Cytokines in Wound Healing

By Stephan Barrientos, H. Brem, Olivera Stojadinović, M. Tomic‐Canic. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2014

1,200 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process that involves the coordinated efforts of multiple cell types and is executed and regulated by numerous growth factors and cytokines. There has been a drive in the past two decades to study the therapeutic effects of various growth factors in the clinical management of nonhealing wounds (e.g., pressure ulcers, chronic venous ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers). For this review, we conducted an online search of Medline/PubMed and critically analyzed the literature regarding the role of growth factors and cytokines in the management of these wounds. We focused on currently approved therapies, emerging therapies, and future research possibilities. In this review, we discuss four growth factors and cytokines currently being used on and off label for the healing of wounds. These include granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, platelet‐derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor. While the clinical results of using growth factors and cytokines are encouraging, many studies involved a small sample size and are disparate in measured endpoints. Therefore, further research is required to provide definitive evidence of efficacy.

Subfields: Genetics, Rehabilitation, Urology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc2652648f3fc8a0fe8f7162b2ad6a398a0425b6

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Citations in the corpus

Chronic Wound Healing: A Review of Current Management and Treatments (2017, neutral): “For example, a chronic wound tends to show decreased levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor-b (TGFb), PDGF, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) while expressing lower levels of interleukins (IL) 1 and 6, and tumor necrosis factor”
Therapeutic Strategies for Enhancing Angiogenesis in Wound Healing (2018, background): “Further, the delivery of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to diabetic patients with leg ulcers increased the level of VEGF-A produced bymacrophages andmonocytes [95,122].”
Wound healing: cellular mechanisms and pathological outcomes (2020, background): “Alternatively activated macrophages express proresolutory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 [43,44]) and arginase, a key factor for effective wound repair [45].”
Thermal Inkjet Printing in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (2012, background): “Fibrin gels might promote cell migration, proliferation, and matrix synthesis through the incorporation of the transforming growth factor β and platelet derived growth factors [63].”