The Coevolution of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Insights from Surveys of the Contemporary Universe

By T. Heckman, P. Best. 2014

887 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We summarize what large surveys of the contemporary Universe have taught us about the physics and phenomenology of the processes that link the formation and evolution of galaxies with their central supermassive black holes. We present a picture in which the population of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be divided into two distinct populations. The radiative-mode AGNs are associated with black holes (BHs) that produce radiant energy powered by accretion at rates in excess of ∼1% of the Eddington limit. They are primarily associated with less massive BHs growing in high-density pseudobulges at a rate sufficient to produce the total mass budget in these BHs in ∼10 Gyr. The circumnuclear environment contains high-density cold gas and associated star formation. Major mergers are not the primary mechanism for transporting this gas inward; secular processes appear dominant. Stellar feedback is generic in these objects, and strong AGN feedback is seen only in the most powerful AGNs. In jet-mode AGNs the bulk of...

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/faae66791d209449cf4ebe8b819e63098ca17d5c

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. P. Hopkins
2. L. Hernquist
3. T. Naab
4. R. Dav'e
5. R. Somerville
6. D. M. Alexander
7. Volker Springel
8. E. Quataert

In Instrumentation

1. P. Hopkins
2. L. Hernquist
3. T. Naab
4. R. Dav'e
5. M. Cappellari
6. P. V. van Dokkum
7. R. Somerville
8. A. Dekel

Citations in the corpus

• Radio galaxies and feedback from AGN jets (2020, background): “Over the past few decades a detailed understanding of the host-galaxy properties of AGN in the local Universe has emerged, with investigations of large galaxy samples from the SDSS playing a particularly crucial role (e.g., Heckman and Best, 2014, and references therein).”
• Physical Models of Galaxy Formation in a Cosmological Framework (2014, background): “The other important class of feedback processes is connected with highly collimated jets of relativistic particles (“jet mode” or “radio mode”; see the recent reviews by Fabian 2012 and Heckman & Best 2014).”
• Structure and Kinematics of Early-Type Galaxies from Integral Field Spectroscopy (2016, background): “Outflows from supernovae or from a central AGN (see Fabian 2012; Kormendy & Ho 2013; Heckman & Best 2014, for reviews) must both play a role (Silk & Rees 1998; Granato et al. 2004; Bower et al. 2006; Croton et al. 2006; Hopkins et al. 2006), as may the stabilizing effect of the bulge itself (Martig…”
• New Spectral Model for Constraining Torus Covering Factors from Broadband X-Ray Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei (2018, background): “It may be affected by winds and outflows from the innermost regions around the SMBH, therefore providing insight into physics of AGN feedback and the interaction of SMBHs with their host galaxies (e.g., Elvis 2000, Hopkins et al. 2006, Fabian 2012, Heckman & Best 2014, Netzer 2015).”
• Revisiting the Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei (2015, methodology): “General scenarios linking BH feeding and SF activity have been described in numerous papers and reviewed recently in this journal by Heckman & Best (2014).”
• simba: Cosmological simulations with black hole growth and feedback (2019, background): “…the kinetic feedback model comes from the observed dichotomy in black hole growth modes that is reflected in their outflow characteristics (e.g. Heckman & Best 2014): A “radiative mode” at high Eddington ratios ( fEdd ≡ ÛMBH/ ÛMEdd >∼ few percent), in which AGN are seen to drive multi-phase…”
• The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS). Science Case and Survey Design (2019, background): “…accrete through a radiatively inefficient mode (the so-called “radio mode”), rather than the radiatively efficient accretion mode typical of radio-quiet optically or X-ray selected AGN [sometimes called “quasar mode”; see Heckman & Best (2014) for a recent review covering these feedback processes].”
• The bolometric quasar luminosity function at z = 0–7 (2020, background): “Furthermore, observations have demonstrated that galaxies and SMBHs co-evolve (see reviews of Alexander & Hickox 2012; Fabian 2012; Kormendy & Ho 2013; Heckman & Best 2014, and © 2019 The Authors ar X iv :2 00 1.”
• Active galactic nuclei: what’s in a name? (2017, methodology): “For other recent reviews of radio-selected AGN we refer to Heckman and Best (2014), Padovani (2016), Tadhunter (2016) and Smolčić (2016).”
• Gravitational torque-driven black hole growth and feedback in cosmological simulations (2016, background): “Recent years have seen increasing observational evidence for AGN feedback, from radioemitting jets powered by slowly accreting black holes to powerful winds driven by quasars (Fabian 2012; Heckman & Best 2014).”
• EVIDENCE FOR WIDE-SPREAD ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS-DRIVEN OUTFLOWS IN THE MOST MASSIVE z ∼ 1–2 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES (2014, background): “…universe, such “AGN feedback” has been observed in the so-called “radio mode” in central cluster galaxies driving jets into the intra-cluster medium (Heckman & Best 2014; McNamara & Nulsen 2007; Fabian 2012), in ionized winds from Seyfert 2 AGNs (e.g., Cecil et al. 1990; Veilleux et al. 2005;…”
• Theoretical Challenges in Galaxy Formation (2016, background): “Jets from AGN are frequently observed and feedback from this mechanism is sometimes Theoretical Challenges in Galaxy Formation 39 called ’radio mode’ (Fabian 2012, Heckman & Best 2014).”
• MOJAVE. XV. VLBA 15 GHz Total Intensity and Polarization Maps of 437 Parsec-scale AGN Jets from 1996 to 2017 (2017, background): “…from powerful active galactic nuclei (AGNs) represent some of the most long-lived and energetic processes ever discovered, and are now recognized to have played a prominent role in the early structure formation of our universe via feedback mechanisms (e.g., Fabian 2012; Heckman & Best 2014).”
• LOFAR 150-MHz observations of the Boötes field: catalogue and source counts (2016, background): “…questions related to the nature of the different accretion processes, the properties of the host galaxies, the role of AGN feedback in galaxy growth and evolution, the radio-source duty cycle, and the relation of the AGN with their environment (e.g. Heckman & Best 2014, and references therein).”
• Black holes on FIRE: stellar feedback limits early feeding of galactic nuclei (2017, background): “1 IN T RO D U C T I O N The observed connection between galaxies and central massive black holes (BHs; e.g. Kormendy & Ho 2013; Heckman & Best 2014) poses significant challenges for galaxy formation models.”