Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight

By Kevin D. Hall, G. Sacks, D. Chandramohan, Carson C. Chow, B. Swinburn. The Lancet, 2011

1,080 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Obesity interventions can result in weight loss, but accurate prediction of the bodyweight time course requires properly accounting for dynamic energy imbalances. In this report, we describe a mathematical modelling approach to adult human metabolism that simulates energy expenditure adaptations during weight loss. We also present a web-based simulator for prediction of weight change dynamics. We show that the bodyweight response to a change of energy intake is slow, with half times of about 1 year. Furthermore, adults with greater adiposity have a larger expected weight loss for the same change of energy intake, and to reach their steady-state weight will take longer than it would for those with less initial body fat. Using a population-averaged model, we calculated the energy-balance dynamics corresponding to the development of the US adult obesity epidemic. A small persistent average daily energy imbalance gap between intake and expenditure of about 30 kJ per day underlies the observed average weight gain. However, energy intake must have risen to keep pace with increased expenditure associated with increased weight. The average increase of energy intake needed to sustain the increased weight (the maintenance energy gap) has amounted to about 0·9 MJ per day and quantifies the public health challenge to reverse the obesity epidemic.

Subfields: Physiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa64f465a8ede33c2b88937060cb6824f0f76ab6

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Citations in the corpus

Shifting Diets for a Sustainable Food Future (2016, methodology): “Informed by FAO (2004) and Hall et al. (2011a), this scenario assumes that an obese person on average consumes 500 more calories per day than a person eating the average daily energy requirement, and that each overweight person on average consumes 250 more calories per day than the average daily…”
Global food waste across the income spectrum: Implications for food prices, production and resource use (2020, methodology): “The increment in body weight is converted to energy (Kcal/cap/day) by applying a weight change model (Hall et al., 2011).”
Soda Taxes And The Prices of Sodas And Other Drinks: Evidence From Mexico (2017, positive): “To calculate the mean weight change stemming from lower consumption, I use the approach proposed by Hall et al. (2011), who analyze the dynamics of weight loss in response to a once-and-for-all reduction in energy intake.”
Tax incidence with strategic firms in the soft drink market (2013, background): “In a recent paper, Hall et al. (2011) developped a model to predict the impact on weight of a change in energy intake.”
Slim by Design: Redirecting the Accidental Drivers of Mindless Overeating (2014, background): “, 2012; Peter & Brinberg, 2012), it is not clear that most people will be willing to sustain this over the three years that are usually required to lose weight and establish a new equilibrium (Hall et al., 2011).”
Activation of Human Brown Adipose Tissue by a β3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist (2015, methodology): “At the 200 mg dose used in the current study, the observed maximal increase in energy expenditure would lead to an eventual weight loss of 5 kg in the first year and 10 kg by the end of 3 years (Hall et al., 2011).”
Behavioural Insights and (Un)healthy Dietary Choices: a Review of Current Evidence (2018, background): “This change in body weight is achieved over an extended period of time, with only half of the effect achieved after one year, and 95% after three years (Hall et al. 2011).”
Maintenance of lost weight and long-term management of obesity (2018, methodology): “gov) that uses a mathematical model to account for dynamic changes in human energy balance.(27) In addition to adaptations in energy expenditure with weight loss, body weight is regulated by negative feedback circuits that influence food intake.”