The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). VII. The Planet–Disk Interactions Interpretation

By Shangjia Zhang, Zhaohuan Zhu, Jane Huang, V. Guzm'an, S. Andrews, T. Birnstiel, C. Dullemond, J. Carpenter, Andrea Isella, L. P'erez and 5 more. Astrophysical Journal, 2018

280 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) provides a large sample of protoplanetary disks with substructures that could be induced by young forming planets. To explore the properties of planets that may be responsible for these substructures, we systematically carry out a grid of 2D hydrodynamical simulations, including both gas and dust components. We present the resulting gas structures, including the relationship between the planet mass, as well as (1) the gaseous gap depth/width and (2) the sub/super-Keplerian motion across the gap. We then compute dust continuum intensity maps at the frequency of the DSHARP observations. We provide the relationship between the planet mass, as well as (1) the depth/width of the gaps at millimeter intensity maps, (2) the gap edge ellipticity and asymmetry, and (3) the position of secondary gaps induced by the planet. With these relationships, we lay out the procedure to constrain the planet mass using gap properties, and study the potential planets in the DSHARP disks. We highlight the excellent agreement between observations and simulations for AS 209 and the detectability of the young solar system analog. Finally, under the assumption that the detected gaps are induced by young planets, we characterize the young planet population in the planet mass–semimajor axis diagram. We find that the occurrence rate for >5 MJ planets beyond 5–10 au is consistent with direct imaging constraints. Disk substructures allow us to probe a wide-orbit planet population (Neptune to Jupiter mass planets beyond 10 au) that is not accessible to other planet searching techniques.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fa5fe6efd9ff38f09794508980cf48aa65046a7c

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. T. Birnstiel
2. D. Wilner
3. S. Andrews
4. Xue-Ning Bai
5. C. Dullemond
6. A. Hughes
7. Zhaohuan Zhu
8. L. Ricci

In Instrumentation

1. S. Andrews
2. D. Wilner
3. T. Birnstiel
4. Xue-Ning Bai
5. Zhaohuan Zhu
6. A. Hughes
7. J. Carpenter
8. C. Qi

Citations in the corpus

• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). I. Program Overview and Highlights (2021, background): “This suggests that not all dust gaps are created by the same mechanism, and that the inferred gas depth profiles could be used to constrain the origin of the dust gap, including the mass of any putative planet (Kanagawa et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2018).”
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). II. Characteristics of Annular Substructures (2018, methodology): “Hydrodynamical simulations of planet-disk interactions indicate that the eccentricity of annular substructures increases for more massive planets and for lower disk viscosities (e.g. Lubow 1991; Kley & Dirksen 2006; Zhang et al. 2018).”
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview (2018, background): “…L16, doi: 10.3847/2041-8205/818/1/L16 Zhang, K., Isella, A., Carpenter, J. M., & Blake, G. A. 2014, ApJ, 791, 42, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/42 Zhang et al. 2018, ApJL, in press (DSHARP VII) Zhu, Z., Nelson, R. P., Dong, R., Espaillat, C., & Hartmann, L. 2012, ApJ, 755, 6, doi:…”
• One Solution to the Mass Budget Problem for Planet Formation: Optically Thick Disks with Dust Scattering (2019, methodology): “Huang et al. (2018a) has chosen a conservative value of φ = 0.02, which is also used in Dullemond et al. (2018) and Zhang et al. (2018).”