The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). II. Characteristics of Annular Substructures

By Jane Huang, S. Andrews, C. Dullemond, Andrea Isella, L. P'erez, V. Guzm'an, K. Oberg, Zhaohuan Zhu, Shangjia Zhang, Xue-Ning Bai and 7 more. Astrophysical Journal, 2018

335 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) used ALMA to map the 1.25 mm continuum of protoplanetary disks at a spatial resolution of ∼5 au. We present a systematic analysis of annular substructures in the 18 single-disk systems targeted in this survey. No dominant architecture emerges from this sample; instead, remarkably diverse morphologies are observed. Annular substructures can occur at virtually any radius where millimeter continuum emission is detected and range in widths from a few astronomical units to tens of astronomical units. Intensity ratios between gaps and adjacent rings range from near-unity to just a few percent. In a minority of cases, annular substructures coexist with other types of substructures, including spiral arms (3/18) and crescent-like azimuthal asymmetries (2/18). No clear trend is observed between the positions of the substructures and stellar host properties. In particular, the absence of an obvious association with stellar host luminosity (and hence the disk thermal structure) suggests that substructures do not occur preferentially near major molecular snowlines. Annular substructures like those observed in DSHARP have long been hypothesized to be due to planet–disk interactions. A few disks exhibit characteristics particularly suggestive of this scenario, including substructures in possible mean-motion resonance and “double gap” features reminiscent of hydrodynamical simulations of multiple gaps opened by a planet in a low-viscosity disk.

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Citations in the corpus

Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). I. Program Overview and Highlights (2021, background): “This is consistent with previous results of Huang et al. (2018a) and Long et al. (2018) comparing dust substructure and inferred snowline locations towards larger samples of disks, as well as a recent in-depth chemical exploration of the transition disk around AB Aur (Rivière-Marichalar et al.…”
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). VI. Dust Trapping in Thin-ringed Protoplanetary Disks (2018, background): “But in several recent observations of the spectral index across ringed disks (ALMA Partnership et al. 2015; Tsukagoshi et al. 2016; Huang et al. 2018) one clearly sees that αspec varies across these rings, being closer to 2 at the ring center and substantially larger between the rings.”
One Solution to the Mass Budget Problem for Planet Formation: Optically Thick Disks with Dust Scattering (2019, methodology): “The hint that α can be smaller than 2 is TW Hya at the inner 20 au (Tsukagoshi et al. 2016; Huang et al. 2018b).”
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). VII. The Planet–Disk Interactions Interpretation (2018, methodology): “Besides the spirals, there is a shallow annular gap at 70 au (Huang et al. 2018b).”
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview (2018, background): “…ApJL, 823, L18, doi: 10.3847/2041-8205/823/1/L18 Huang, J., Öberg, K. I., Qi, C., et al. 2017, ApJ, 835, 231, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/231 Huang, J., Andrews, S. M., Cleeves, L. I., et al. 2018, ApJ, 852, 122, doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaa1e7 Huang et al. 2018a, ApJL, in press (DSHARP II) —.”