Effectiveness of cigarette warning labels in informing smokers about the risks of smoking: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey

By D. Hammond, G. Fong, A. McNeill, R. Borland, K. Cummings. Tobacco Control, 2006

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The use of visual warnings in social marketing: The case of tobacco (2011, background): “Regarding cognitive reactions, graphic warnings are more visible (O'Hegarty et al., 2007; Hoek et al., 2005), easier to understand and increase awareness and knowledge of the health hazards of smoking (Hammond et al., 2006; Trasher et al., 2007).”
Nudge: Concept, Effectiveness, and Ethics (2017, background): “A comprehensive review by Hammond et al. (2006) found that smokers’ knowledge of toxic constituents in tobacco smoke was very low even among smokers in affluent and educated countries in the world.”
Disclosure: Psychology Changes Everything (2014, neutral): “(See Borland et al., 2009; Hammond et al., 2006; O’Hegarty et al., 2006; Thrasher et al., 2011).”
Health warning messages on tobacco products: a review (2011, background): “A notable exception is the low levels of salience for more obscure warnings that appear on the side of packages, such as the health warnings implemented in the USA in 1984.”
Macro‐social marketing and social engineering: a systems approach (2012, background): “Previous research assessing tobacco prevention control has shown that the introduction of health messages and depictions of the hazards to health from smoking have been very successful at decreasing smoking ( Hammond et al. , 2005”