A protocol for exosome isolation and characterization: evaluation of ultracentrifugation, density-gradient separation, and immunoaffinity capture methods.

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High-resolution proteomic and lipidomic analysis of exosomes and microvesicles from different cell sources (2016, methodology): “Available purification methods include separation based on size [differential ultracentrifugation (14) and ultrafiltration (15)], density [OptiPrep (16) and sucrose (17)], floatation velocity (18), immunoaffinity (19) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based precipitation (15).”
Using exosomes, naturally-equipped nanocarriers, for drug delivery (2015, methodology): “It should be noted that the absolute separation and definition of various extracellular vesicles (including exosomes) based on their size or biogenesis has yet to be established beyond doubt, and “there is currently no consensus on markers that distinguish the origin of these vesicles once they have”
Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles: General Methodologies and Latest Trends (2018, methodology): “An analogous approach utilizing magnetic beads coated with the antibodies to CD9, CD63, CD81, and EpCAM markers was used by several teams [56, 128].”