Quadruple Helix Systems and Symmetry: a Step Towards Helix Innovation System Classification

By Inga A. Ivanova. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2014

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Situated regional university incubation: A multi-level stakeholder perspective (2016, background): “Indeed, business incubator models are increasingly seen as evolutionary, non-linear and interactive processes between various stakeholders in a regional context (Todtling and Trippl, 2005; Afonso et al., 2012; Carayannis and Rakhmatullin, 2014; Ivanova, 2014) where the model adopted is reflective of”
A Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Approach to Regional Innovation Systems in the Transformation to a Forestry-Based Bioeconomy (2016, background): “Furthermore, consumers have long been underestimated or ignored in innovation processes, even though they must be seen as the main users of goods and services (Ivanova 2014).”
Theorizing the Triple Helix model: Past, present, and future (2020, background): “In empirical applications, the fourth helix has been identified as consumers (Ivanova, 2014); Users (Arnkil et al.”
Quadruple helix as a network of relationships: creating value within a Swedish regional innovation system (2019, background): “In accordance with Ivanova (2014), our results show that actors between and within one of the triple helices, that is, government, industry, and academia, often act as users in one way or another over time.”