Colouring ornamental fish (Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus) with microalgal biomass
By L. Gouveia, P. Rema, O. Pereira, J. Empis. 2003
222 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Koi carp and goldfish value increases with intensity of skin colour, which is an important quality criterion. Fish cannot fully synthesize their own carotenoid colourings and these must therefore be included in their diet. Two trials were undertaken to investigate skin colour enhancement in ornamental species (i.e. three chromatic varieties of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), namely Kawari (red), Showa (black and red) and Bekko (black and white) and goldfish (Carassius auratus)) by feeding a dietary carotenoid supplement of freshwater microalgal biomass [Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis, and also the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina)], using a diet containing synthetic astaxanthin and a control diet with no colouring added for comparison. In the first trial, five homogeneous duplicate groups of 25 juvenile koi carp (C. carpio) (initial mean body weight 24.6 ± 0.7 g) were fed, for 10 weeks, one of the four diets containing 80 mg colouring/kg diet. In the second trial, this procedure was repeated for five homogeneous duplicate groups of 25 goldfish (C. auratus) (initial mean body weight of 0.9 ± 0.1 g). Initial and final samples of skin along the dorsal fin were withdrawn, from five fish per group, for subsequent analysis of total carotenoid content (spectrophotometric analysis), and red hue (colorimetric analysis, CIE (1976) L* a* b* colour system). Growth and feed efficiency were not significantly different between groups administered by the various dietary treatments. In both trials, dietary carotenoid supplementation increased total skin carotenoid content. The more efficient colouring for koi carps was found to be C. vulgaris biomass, providing both maximum total carotenoid deposition and red hue for the three chromatic koi carp varieties studied, and particularly for the kawari variety. For goldfish the best colouring obtained, as ascertained by total carotenoid content, was also achieved using C. vulgaris biomass, and red hue was maximum when using H. pluvialis biomass.
Subfields: Aquatic Science, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Physiology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6ba44853b54bf83e75fbbb60a805d7f7af20513
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Citations in the corpus
- Morphological skin colour changes in teleosts (2009, background): “Goldfish, koi carp Gouveia et al. (2003)”
- Nutrient requirements of ornamental fish (2003, background): “As fish cannot synthesise these pigments, they rely on dietary supply of carotenoids to achieve their natural skin pigmentation, one of the most important quality criteria informing the market value of ornamental high value species such as Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Paripatananont et a”
- Effects of dietary supplementation of carotenoids on survival, growth, pigmentation, and antioxidant capacity of characins, Hyphessobrycon callistus (2006, unknown): “In the study by Gouveia et al. (2003), growth and feed efficiency of koi carp and gold fish were not different when fed with diets supplement with C. vulgaris, H. pluvialis, and cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina).”
- Evaluation of three seaweeds Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, Ulva rigida and Gracilaria cornea as dietary ingredients in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles (2006, background): “, 1987), and binding (Hashim and Mat Saat, 1992) or colouring agents (Sommer et al., 1992; Gouveia et al., 2003).”
- Development of Captive Breeding Techniques for Marine Ornamental Fish: A Review (2010, background): “Finally, carotenoids have recently received attention in the growout of freshwater ornamental fish, as they are recognized as important for skin coloration of fish (Guoveia et al., 2003; Garciá-Ulloa and Gómez-Romero, 2005; Wallat et al., 2005; Sinha and Asimi, 2007).”