Origin and Functions of Tissue Macrophages

By S. Epelman, Kory J. Lavine, G. Randolph. Immunity, 2014

1,440 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Macrophages are distributed in tissues throughout the body and contribute to both homeostasis and disease. Recently, it has become evident that most adult tissue macrophages originate during embryonic development and not from circulating monocytes. Each tissue has its own composition of embryonically derived and adult-derived macrophages, but it is unclear whether macrophages of distinct origins are functionally interchangeable or have unique roles at steady state. This new understanding also prompts reconsideration of the function of circulating monocytes. Classical Ly6chi monocytes patrol the extravascular space in resting organs, and Ly6clo nonclassical monocytes patrol the vasculature. Inflammation triggers monocytes to differentiate into macrophages, but whether resident and newly recruited macrophages possess similar functions during inflammation is unclear. Here, we define the tools used for identifying the complex origin of tissue macrophages and discuss the relative contributions of tissue niche versus ontological origin to the regulation of macrophage functions during steady state and inflammation.

Subfields: Epidemiology, Immunology, Neurology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f66266da180da6478cda6ae9a9689e64692dbaf2

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Citations in the corpus

Skin Acute Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review (2019, background): “During the proliferation phase, the macrophage anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) emerges as the dominant cellular population, orchestrating the interaction with endothelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, extracellular matrix (ECM), and peripheral nerves [68, 122, 131, 132].”
Tissue-Resident Macrophage Enhancer Landscapes Are Shaped by the Local Microenvironment (2014, background): “Macrophages are hematopoietic cells of themyeloid lineage that are specialized in phagocytosis and respond to diverse environmental signals (Epelman et al., 2014; Ginhoux and Jung, 2014; Lavin and Merad, 2013; van Furth et al., 1972).”
Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease (2018, background): “For many years, it was hypothesized that macrophages solely arose from the differentiation of circulating monocytes, but recently morphological and functional differences between these cells refute this hypothesis (Epelman et al., 2014).”
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: An Overview of Pathophysiology, Models and Acute Injury Mechanisms (2019, background): “Macrophages are derived from blood monocytes, which originate from myeloid progeny in the bone marrow (222, 223).”
Self-renewing resident cardiac macrophages limit adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction (2018, positive): “Macrophages are specialized mononuclear phagocytes that reside in all tissues from the earliest stages of development, with particularly important roles in the response to injury 3, 4, 5, 6 .”