How soft is a protein? A protein dynamics force constant measured by neutron scattering.

By G. Zaccai. Science, 2000

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Nanomechanical mapping of soft matter by bimodal force microscopy (2013, neutral): “Current methods for the determination of protein flexibility give results in a time scale of picoseconds [62] that might not provide relevant information to the conditions where proteins have conformational changes in physiological conditions (micro- to milliseconds).”
Dynamics of proteins in solution (2019, background): “In this picture, the apparent vibrational mean square displacements 〈u2〉 measured by elastic neutron scattering could be interpreted in terms of the harmonic spring equation, yielding the mean force constant (Zaccai, 2000) 〈k〉 = 2 kB d〈u 2〉 dT ( )−1 (61) with the Boltzmann constant kB.”
Membranes are more mosaic than fluid (2005, background): “The fluidity of the lipid and the relative rigidity of the protein”
Anisotropy of fluctuation dynamics of proteins with an elastic network model. (2001, background): “Experimental values of such generic force constants may become available soon from new neutron scattering experiments (Zaccai, 2000), which would permit a more direct way to evaluate these constants.”