Theoretical approaches to language and aging.

By Deborah M. Burke, D. MacKay, L. E. James. 2000

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Age-related effects on speech production: A review (2006, background): “…has been found to speed up recognition of the target (as indicated by correct lexical decision or naming) as much in older as in young adults (e.g., Burke, White, & Diaz, 1987; Madden, 1988, 1992; Madden, Pierce, & Allen, 1993; Paul, 1996; for reviews, see Burke et al., 2000; Laver & Burke, 1993).”
Language Proficiency in Native and Nonnative Speakers: An Agenda for Research and Suggestions for Second-Language Assessment (2011, unknown): “As far as the factor of age is concerned, there is abundant evidence of older adults processing verbal information more slowly than younger adults (e.g., Burke, MacKay, & James, 2000; Schneider, Daneman, & Pichora-Fuller, 2002; Schrauf, 2008; Tun & Wingﬁeld, 1999 & Caplan, 2005).”
Language and Aging (2007, unknown): “Older adults know more words than young adults (Kemper & Sumner, 2001; see Vocabulary section below), but they are more likely than young adults to experience difficulty producing a specific word (see Burke et al., 2000; Kemper, 2006; Thornton & Light, 2006).”