Age and sex effects in the EEG: development of the normal child.

By A. Clarke, R. Barry, R. McCarthy, M. Selikowitz. 2001

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience

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Citations in the corpus

Reliable but Wrong? Automated Detection of Heart Rate Artifacts as a Source of Bias in Pediatric EEG Data (2026, unknown): “…bands were then anchored to IAFs [43, 45] using the equations (1– 3) below: Relative power was calculated using the pwelch function in MATLAB 2021.0b. Relative power is preferred over absolute power as it can account for differences in skull thickness, as it changes across age in development [46].”
Pediatric resting EEG collection, preprocessing, and analysis: A systematic review (2026, unknown): “However, while relative power is useful in controlling for individual differences such as skull thickness (Benninger et al., 1984; Clarke et al., 2001; Troller-Renfree et al., 2023), it has its own limitations.”
Revolutionizing Pediatric Neurophysiology With Magnetoencephalography (2026, unknown): “…al. 1955; Matoušek and Petersén 1973; Eeg-Olofsson et al. 1971; Gasser et al. 1988; Edgar, Khan, et al. 2015; Fisch and Spehlmann 1999; Schomer and Lopes Da Silva 2017; Klimesch 1999; Cragg et al. 2011; Petersén and Eeg-Olofsson 1971; Clarke et al. 2001; Katada et al. 1981; Matsuura et al. 1985).”
Structural and Functional Imaging of Motor Outcomes in Twins With Perinatal Stroke: A Case Report (2026, unknown): “Increased theta power in patient populations may reflect disrupted brain development, as theta power typically decreases with age and corresponds to cognitive processing chan-ges [42–44].”
Resting-state periodic and aperiodic brain oscillations from birth to preschool years: Aperiodic maturity predicts developmental course (2026, unknown): “…beta, and gamma activity (Gibbs and Knott, 1949; Corbin and Bickford, 1955; Matousek and Petersen, 1973; Eeg-Olofsson, 1971; Gasser, 1988; Edgar, 2015; Niedermeyer and Lopes da Silva, 2005; Klimesch, 1999; Cragg, 2011; Petersen and Eeg-Olofsson, 1971; Clarke, 2001; Katada, 1981; Matsuura, 1985).”
Electrophysiological activity predicts children's reading ability through orthographic awareness: Evidence from a cross-sectional and longitudinal study (2025, unknown): “These findings of low frequency bands were consistent with many previous studies (Clarke et al., 2001; Meng et al., 2021; Whitford et al., 2007).”
Cortical Oscillatory Activity and Motor Control in Pediatric Stroke Patients With Hemidystonia (2025, unknown): “From a developmental standpoint, the observed increase in theta power in patient populations can be explained by altered brain development, as theta power decreases with age and reflects changes in cognitive processing (Cellier et al. 2021; Clarke et al. 2001; Liu et al. 2014).”
The development of aperiodic and periodic resting-state power between early childhood and adulthood: New insights from optically pumped magnetometers (2024, unknown): “We found no changes in alpha power with age aligning with some studies (e.g., Clarke et al., 2001), but not others, with reports of significant age-related increases (e.g., Tr ¨ ondle et al., 2022) and decreases (e.g., Whitford et al., 2007).”
Aging amplifies sex differences in low alpha and low beta EEG oscillations (2024, unknown): “However, the interaction between age and sex differences in EEG oscillations remains poorly understood, as studies examining combined age and sex effects have been limited by small sample sizes (Flor-Henry et al., 1987; Clarke et al., 2001a; b).”
Theta activity and cognitive functioning: Integrating evidence from resting-state and task-related developmental electroencephalography (EEG) research (2024, background): “While resting theta power decreases with age (Benninger et al., 1984; Clarke et al., 2001; Perone et al., 2018), task-related theta power has been shown to increase with age, at least up until the adolescent period (Liu et al., 2014; Morales et al., 2022; Papenberg et al., 2013; Schneider and…”
Age-Related Characteristics of Resting-State Electroencephalographic Signals and the Corresponding Analytic Approaches: A Review (2024, background): “Several EEG studies have consistently shown a linear increase in relative or aperiodic-adjusted alpha powers with increasing age from 5–22 [57], 8–12 [109], and 5–12 years [111].”
Linking caregiving quality during infancy to brain activity in early childhood and later executive function (2024, background): “Also,relativepowerismoreappropriateforexamining developmentalchangesasitislessinfluencedbyindividualdifferences in impedance and skull thickness, which changes across development (Clarke et al., 2001).”
Resting brain activity in early childhood predicts IQ at 18 years (2023, unknown): “, 1984), and is more sensitive to developmental changes in the frequency composition of EEG (Clarke et al., 2001).”