Synbiotic modulation of gut flora: Effect on minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis

By Qing Liu, Z. Duan, D. Ha, S. Bengmark, J. Kurtovic, S. Riordan. Hepatology, 2004

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Probiotics and prebiotics - Progress and challenges (2008, methodology): “…species, while the synbiotic treated subjects had significantly increased fecal content of non-urease-producing Lactobacillus strains and a significant reduction in blood ammonia levels and reversal of MHE in 50% of cases as determined by the Child–Pugh assessment tool (Liu et al., 2004).”
Modulation of the Fecal Bile Acid Profile by Gut Microbiota in Cirrhosis (2013, positive): “Correlation between stool BAs and microbiome The fecal primary BA, CDCA, was significantly positively correlated with Enterobacteriaceae (r = 0.57, p = 0.008) and negatively with Bacterioidaceae (r = 0.5, p = 0.026) abundance.”
Characterization of fecal microbial communities in patients with liver cirrhosis (2011, background): “Although it is widely accepted that cirrhosis leads to characteristic changes in intestinal microbiota, this has not been easily demonstrated in previous studies using culture-dependent methods.(10,13) Over the past decade, culture-independent methods have been applied to studies of human gut bacter”