The origin, emergence and evolutionary genetics of dengue virus.

By Edward C. Holmes, S. Twiddy. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2003

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Transmission cycles, host range, evolution and emergence of arboviral disease (2004, background): “Recent studies indicate that epidemic/endemic forms of DENV-1, -2 and -4, which now use humans as reservoir hosts, evolved independently from sylvatic progenitors in the past 2,000 years, accompanied by host-range changes from non-human primates to humans, and from arboreal Aedes spp. to A. aegypti ”
The Evolution and Emergence of RNA Viruses (2009, background): “Indeed, the genetic diversity within the sylvatic stains of DENV-2 is no greater than that observed with the human viruses, which is clearly measured in timescales of hundreds of years (Holmes and Twiddy 2003; Vasilakis et al. 2007a).”
Emerging flaviviruses: the spread and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and dengue viruses (2004, background): “It is further hypothesized that the four serotypes evolved in the rainforests of southeast Asi”
The Aedes aegypti Toll Pathway Controls Dengue Virus Infection (2008, background): “infection characteristics in both the mosquito vector and the human host [3,4].”