Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins.

By C. Raetz, C. Whitfield. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 2002

3,515 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Endocrinology, Genetics, Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f225daf62437df1ef3d0e88a30b2fdc60e9adfbe

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Citations in the corpus

Lipopolysaccharide modification in Gram-negative bacteria during chronic infection. (2016, background): “Because of the great diversity of O antigen structures, the wb* loci are highly polymorphic (Raetz & Whitfield, 2002, Lam et al. , 2011).”
Nutritional Cues Control Pseudomonas aeruginosa Multicellular Behavior in Cystic Fibrosis Sputum (2007, methodology): “aeruginosa virulence and biofilm formation (39, 43, 47, 50, 53), carbon utilization profiles were examined in SCFM and in CF sputum medium to determine the primary carbon sources consumed by P.”
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010, background): “The production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines may be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is an endotoxin localised on Gram negative bacteria cell walls capable to activate macrophages, stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines [104].”
Folding and assembly of β-barrel membrane proteins (2004, background): “This effect of bilayer thickness on the kinetics of OmpA insertion and folding may have some physiological consequences because the hydrophobic thickness of outer bacterial membranes is thought to be thinner than that of the inner membranes [60].”
N-linked protein glycosylation in the ER. (2013, background): “As mentioned above, such translocation events are characteristic for other biosynthetic pathways such as O-antigen biosynthesis in Gram-negative bacteria [15], or murein biosynthesis [43], arabinomannan biosynthesis in Mycobacteria [17] and this reaction has attracted the attention of both biochemis”
A comparison of the endotoxin biosynthesis and protein oxidation pathways in the biogenesis of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis (2012, positive): “coli LPS core type R1 has been extensively studied and the enzymes involved in the construction identified (Vinogradov et al., 1999; Raetz and Whitfield, 2002).”
Bacterial membrane lipids: diversity in structures and pathways. (2016, background): “Gram-positive bacteria such as the firmicutes are characterized by having a cytoplasmatic membrane and a thick murein cell wall comprising many layers, whereas Gram-negative bacteria such as proteobacteria are characterized by the presence of two distinct membranes, called inner and outer membrane (”
Structure, Function, and Evolution of Bacterial ATP-Binding Cassette Systems (2008, background): “coli LPS O antigen flippases (391), and PglK likely plays a similar role, flipping the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursors of N-linked glycosylated proteins in C.”
From Stress to Inflammation and Major Depressive Disorder: A Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression (2014, background): “A prototypical PAMP (which we discuss later) is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin that is the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria (Raetz & Whitfield, 2002).”
The bacterial cell envelope. (2010, background): “The O-antigen is ligated to the LPS core in the outer leaflet of the IM, a reaction catalyzed by WaaL (Raetz and Whitfield 2002).”
Crystal structure of the TLR4-MD-2 complex with bound endotoxin antagonist Eritoran. (2007, neutral): “LPS is an outer membrane glycolipid of Gram-negative bacteria and a well-known inducer of the innate immune response (Raetz and Whitfield, 2002).”
The return of metabolism: biochemistry and physiology of the pentose phosphate pathway (2014, background): “Accordingly, the Calvin cycle bypasses these reactions via ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco), apparently the most abundant metabolic enzyme in the biosphere (Raines, 2003).”
Outer membrane permeability and antibiotic resistance. (2009, background): “A typical LPS molecule consists of three parts (Figure 1): 1) lipid A, a glucosamine-based phospholipid, 2) a relatively short core oligosaccharide, and 3) a distal polysaccharide (O-antigen) [1].”