Epidemic dynamics at the human-animal interface
By James O. Lloyd-Smith, Dylan B. George, K. Pepin, V. Pitzer, J. Pulliam, A. Dobson, P. Hudson, Bryan T. Grenfell. Science, 2009
642 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Zeroing in on Zoonoses Influenza, plague, and Lyme disease are classic examples of zoonoses—diseases that circulate in livestock and wildlife, as well as in humans. When a pathogen transfers among multiple hosts, the dynamics of circulation, transmission, and outbreak are complex. Lloyd-Smith et al. (p. 1362) review the use of analytical mathematical tools, particularly modeling, in the development of control policies and research agendas. Significant gaps are highlighted in analytical efforts during spillover transmission from animals into humans. Moreover, the tendency has been to focus on pathogens with simpler life cycles and of immediate global urgency, such as influenza, whereas insect-transmitted pathogens with complex, multihost life cycles are less well understood. Few infectious diseases are entirely human-specific: Most human pathogens also circulate in animals or else originated in nonhuman hosts. Influenza, plague, and trypanosomiasis are classic examples of zoonotic infections that transmit from animals to humans. The multihost ecology of zoonoses leads to complex dynamics, and analytical tools, such as mathematical modeling, are vital to the development of effective control policies and research agendas. Much attention has focused on modeling pathogens with simpler life cycles and immediate global urgency, such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Meanwhile, vector-transmitted, chronic, and protozoan infections have been neglected, as have crucial processes such as cross-species transmission. Progress in understanding and combating zoonoses requires a new generation of models that addresses a broader set of pathogen life histories and integrates across host species and scientific disciplines.
Subfields: Agronomy and Crop Science, Infectious Diseases, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f020f0ab899f7818e06d97a54cc008c929818fb4
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Citations in the corpus
- Contacts and foot and mouth disease transmission from wild to domestic bovines in Africa (2013, background): “…diseases (Bengis et al. 2004) and emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases with high pandemic potential (Taylor et al. 2001, Patz et al. 2004, Lloyd-Smith et al. 2009), the circumstances leading to pathogen spillover between sympatric wild and domestic hosts (and potentially humans) often…”
- Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases (2017, background): “The diversity and prevalence in a host population of potentially zoonotic pathogens in an area is hypothesized to be a key factor in the risk of novel pathogen emergence 8, 21, 43 .”
- The Emergence of Global Systemic Risk (2015, background): “Globalization has brought with it obvious medical benefits for many, but it also presents new challenges to basic human health (Lloyd-Smith et al. 2009).”
- Modeling infectious disease dynamics in the complex landscape of global health (2015, positive): “Given the predominance of zoonotic pathogens among emerging infections, models for transmission dynamics and evolution in multispecies ecosystems and food webs, consisting of host species and non-host species interacting ecologically and epidemiologically, are a crucial area for future development (”