Artificial Experts: Social Knowledge and Intelligent Machines

By R. L. Francis. 1991

How researchers see this paper

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Citations in the corpus

Turing Test: 50 Years Later (2000, background): “Learning languages would then be one of the surface transformations of this deep problem (Collins, 1990) and when this is solved 'the rest will be research and development' (Collins, 1997).”
Peripheral Vision (2005, unknown): “First, this is because — and this is a lesson learned from the history and sociology of computing (e.g. Collins 1990; Schaffer 1994) — a computer is literally an organized social space, as markets are.”
The philosophy of scientific experimentation: a review (2009, unknown): “As the history of Artificial Intelligence teaches us, expectations about automation can sometimes be overenthusiastic and unfounded ([34,35]).”
Interactional expertise as a third kind of knowledge (2004, background): “My attempts to add a little and to stress the social include Collins (1990) and Collins and Kusch (1998).”
Economic markets as calculative collective devices (2005, background): “First – and this is a lesson learned from the history and the sociology of computing – because a computer is literally an organized social space, like the market ( Collins, 1990; Schaffer, 1994).”
The Bread-Making Machine: Tacit Knowledge and Two Types of Action (2007, background): “The problem with expert systems is that, without the contribution of the social knowledge of users, they simply fail whenever they are confronted with a problem marginally outside their data base (Collins 1990).”
Social Capital and Knowledge Integration in an ERP Project Team: The Importance of Bridging and Bonding (2004, background): “Collins (1990) refers to this as heuristic knowledge and it is the knowledge that arises as individuals engage in their daily routines and improvise (Orlikowski, 1996) in response to particular situations that are encountered.”
Changing systems for supporting farmers' decisions: problems, paradigms, and prospects (2002, methodology): “…for the ‘problem of implementation’ in OR/MS was based on the notion of a ‘computerised staff assistant’ (Keen, 1987, p. 287) or an ‘artificial expert’ (Collins, 1990; Collins and Kusch, 1998, p. 14; Humphreys and Berkeley, 1985, p. 263) replacing a human expert with a computer model (McCown,…”
Toward a Critical Technical Practice: Lessons Learned in Trying to Reform AI (2006, background): “Cultivating the painstaking middle way between these hazards is probably not my own path any more, but it is very much what Collins (1990) had in mind in his philosophically astute but constructively minded research on expert systems, and perhaps it will be a path for others in the future.”