Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant nutrition and growth: new paradigms from cellular to ecosystem scales.

By Sarah E. Smith, F. Andrew Smith. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2011

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Root systems of most land plants form arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses in the field, and these contribute to nutrient uptake. AM roots have two pathways for nutrient absorption, directly through the root epidermis and root hairs and via AM fungal hyphae into root cortical cells, where arbuscules or hyphal coils provide symbiotic interfaces. New physiological and molecular evidence shows that for phosphorus the mycorrhizal pathway (MP) is operational regardless of plant growth responses (positive or negative). Amounts delivered cannot be determined from plant nutrient contents because when responses are negative the contribution of the direct pathway (DP) is reduced. Nitrogen (N) is also delivered to roots via an MP, but the contribution to total N requirement and the costs to the plant are not clear. The functional interplay between activities of the DP and MP has important implications for consideration of AM symbioses in ecological, agronomic, and evolutionary contexts.

Subfields: Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eca438fad65375d295d7d28909e23ff6aac4ec14

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Citations in the corpus

Estimating the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to drought tolerance of potted olive trees (Olea europaea) (2018, background): “1995; Smith and Smith 2011; Lone et al.”
The Role of Soil Microorganisms in Plant Mineral Nutrition—Current Knowledge and Future Directions (2017, background): “To avoid overlaps with some excellent recent reviews (Smith and Smith, 2011; Udvardi and Poole, 2013; Garcia et al., 2016; Kamel et al., 2017), we do not focus on these well-characterized symbiotic interactions.”
Arbuscular mycorrhiza and soil nitrogen cycling (2012, background): “The symbiosis is often mutualistic based largely on exchange of C from the plant and P delivered by the fungi (Smith and Smith, 2011).”
New Insights on Plant Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Their Potential Use for Breeding (2016, background): “Symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are found in roughly 80% of terrestrial plant species (Smith and Smith, 2011).”
Dynamic Phosphate Uptake in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Roots Under Field Conditions (2019, background): “Accordingly, phosphate uptake can be dominated by the mycorrhizal pathway (Smith and Smith, 2011).”
The Role of the Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Nutrient Uptake of Plants and the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying These Transport Processes (2012, background): “The molecular mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of P and N transfer across the mycorrhizal interface are still unknown [50].”
Alleviation of salinity stress in plants by endophytic plant-fungal symbiosis: Current knowledge, perspectives and future directions (2020, background): “…have been written covering the diversity and activity of microorganisms at within roots and in the rhizosphere, as well as the functions and effects of microorganisms in nutrient turnover and supply to the plant (Garcia et al. 2016; Jacoby et al. 2017; Smith and Smith 2011; Udvardi and Poole 2013).”
Local soil, but not commercial AMF inoculum, increases native and non‐native grass growth at a mine restoration site (2016, background): “Ensuring that the availability of AMF mutualists may be important for the growth of native plants at restoration sites because they can provide a range of benefits to host plants, such as improved nutrient acquisition and tolerance to heavy metals (Hildebrandt et al. 2007; Smith & Smith 2011).”
Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Plant Phosphorus Nutrition: Interactions between Pathways of Phosphorus Uptake in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Roots Have Important Implications for Understanding and Manipulating Plant Phosphorus Acquisition1 (2011, background): “At the same time, plants provide all the organic carbon (C) requirements of the fungi, so that AM symbioses are mutualistic, based on an exchange of plant C for soil P and other nutrients that we do not consider here, including nitrogen (Smith and Read, 2008; Smith and Smith, 2011).”
Hyphosphere interactions between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a phosphate solubilizing bacterium promote phytate mineralization in soil (2014, background): “AM fungi are able to release protons for mobilization of insoluble soil phosphates and to extend their extensive hyphae from the P depletion zone to explore a greater soil volume for inorganic P sources (Smith and Smith, 2011).”