XRCC1 stimulates human polynucleotide kinase activity at damaged DNA termini and accelerates DNA single-strand break repair.

By C. J. Whitehouse, R. Taylor, A. Thistlethwaite, Hong Zhang, Feridoun Karimi-Busheri, D. Lasko, M. Weinfeld, K. Caldecott. Cell, 2001

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XRCC1 and DNA strand break repair. (2003, background): “Evidence that mammalian PNK functions in DNA repair emerged with the recovery of human PNK from a yeast two-hybrid screen with XRCC1 [79].”
A requirement for PARP-1 for the assembly or stability of XRCC1 nuclear foci at sites of oxidative DNA damage. (2003, background): “XRCC1 interacts with APE1 (12), DNA polymerase b (13,14), DNA polynucleotide kinase(11), and DNA ligase IIIa (15±18).”
Single-strand break repair and genetic disease (2008, unknown): “3′-phosphate and 3′-phosphoglycolate termini are noteworthy because together they constitute the majority of direct SSBs induced by ROS, and because 3′-phosphate is a major substrate for polynucleotide kinase 3′-phosphatase ( PNKP”
Early steps in the DNA base excision/single-strand interruption repair pathway in mammalian cells (2008, background): “Moreover, the processing of 5′ OH and/ or 3′ phosphate termini is rate limiting for single strand break repair in XRCC1-mutant cells and cell extracts [126,135,144].”