Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress

By J. Frijhoff, P. Winyard, N. Žarković, S. Davies, R. Stocker, D. Cheng, Annie R. Knight, E. Taylor, J. Oettrich, T. Ruskovska and 7 more. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, 2015

804 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Significance: Oxidative stress is considered to be an important component of various diseases. A vast number of methods have been developed and used in virtually all diseases to measure the extent and nature of oxidative stress, ranging from oxidation of DNA to proteins, lipids, and free amino acids. Recent Advances: An increased understanding of the biology behind diseases and redox biology has led to more specific and sensitive tools to measure oxidative stress markers, which are very diverse and sometimes very low in abundance. Critical Issues: The literature is very heterogeneous. It is often difficult to draw general conclusions on the significance of oxidative stress biomarkers, as only in a limited proportion of diseases have a range of different biomarkers been used, and different biomarkers have been used to study different diseases. In addition, biomarkers are often measured using nonspecific methods, while specific methodologies are often too sophisticated or laborious for routine clinical use. Future Directions: Several markers of oxidative stress still represent a viable biomarker opportunity for clinical use. However, positive findings with currently used biomarkers still need to be validated in larger sample sizes and compared with current clinical standards to establish them as clinical diagnostics. It is important to realize that oxidative stress is a nuanced phenomenon that is difficult to characterize, and one biomarker is not necessarily better than others. The vast diversity in oxidative stress between diseases and conditions has to be taken into account when selecting the most appropriate biomarker. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 1144–1170.

Subfields: Biochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/561a39a97194ba7a3bcf5566a0fec3137f3a7c8b

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In Biochemistry

1. H. Sies
2. C. Winterbourn
3. M. Murphy
4. I. Peluso
5. F. Altieri
6. Dean P. Jones
7. Navdeep S. Chandel
8. Ilaria Marrocco

In Clinical Biochemistry

1. M. Davies
2. I. Peluso
3. F. Altieri
4. Dean P. Jones
5. H. Sies
6. Ilaria Marrocco

In Immunology

1. M. Davies
2. Navdeep S. Chandel
3. Dean P. Jones
4. C. Winterbourn
5. I. Peluso
6. F. Altieri
7. H. Sies
8. Ilaria Marrocco

Citations in the corpus

• Measurement and Clinical Significance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans (2017, background): “However, several studies relate the GSH levels and GSH/GSSG ratio to pathological conditions [254].”
• Defining roles of specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell biology and physiology (2022, background): “patterns rather than single biomarkers are recommended (see the figure; modified from reF.(224)).”
• Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases (2018, background): “Carbonyl groups may also derive from the binding of aldehydic lipid oxidation products to lysine, cysteine, or histidine residues called Michael-addition reactions.(9) Reactions between RNS and tyrosine residues free or within polypeptide sequences induce the formation of nitrotyrosine (NT).”