Cost of Childcare and Female Employment in the UK

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Gender-specific patterns in patenting and publishing (2009, background): “For the UK, Viitanen (2005) found that childcare subsidies do not apparently influence the labour force participation of women or the use of formal childcare to a significant extent.”
Preference or constraint? Part-time workers' transitions in Denmark, France and the United Kingdom (2008, unknown): “It should come as no surprise that countries that provide no/little public childcare and where private childcare is only financially feasible for high earners (Viitanen 2005) appear to constrain maternal workers in low quality parttime employment.”
Putting the Child-Centred Investment Strategy to the Test: Evidence for the EU27: (2013, background): “PUTTING THE CHILD-CENTRED INVESTMENT STRATEGY TO THE TEST: EVIDENCE FOR THE EU27 17 almost all countries subsidized one way or the other (Kreyenfeld and Hank, 2000; Viitanen, 2005; Wrohlich, 2011).”
Gender wage gaps, ‘sticky floors’ and ‘glass ceilings’ in Europe ☆ (2013, background): “10 See, inter alia, Del Boca and Vuri (2007), Gustafsson and Stafford (1992), and Viitanen (2005).”
The mismatch between employment and child care in Italy: the impact of rationing (2007, background): “These results refer to the U.S. but similar findings were obtained for the U.K. (Viitanen 2005) and for Canada (Powell 1997).”