HCV Persistence and Immune Evasion in the Absence of Memory T Cell Help

By A. Grakoui, N. Shoukry, D. Woollard, Jin-Hwan Han, H. L. Hanson, J. Ghrayeb, K. Murthy, Charles M. Rice, C. Walker. Science, 2003

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How researchers see this paper

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The Evolution and Emergence of RNA Viruses (2009, background): “Indeed, HCV represents a classic case in which the evolution of persistence clearly results from immune evasion (Grakoui et al. 2003; Cox et al. 2005).”
Adaptive immune responses in acute and chronic hepatitis C virus infection (2005, background): “Successful responses generally target multiple major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted epitopes in structural and non-structural HCV protein”
Helping the CD8+ T-cell response (2004, background): “Chronic antigen exposure can be a problem in experiments that compare the CD8 + T-cell response of intact versus CD4 + T-cell-depleted mice, as an infection that is cleared rapidly in wild-type mice might become a persistent infection in knockout mic”
Immunobiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. (2006, background): “Recent work in HCV-infected chimpanzees depleted of CD4+ or memory CD8+ T cells corroborated the notions that (a) virus-specific CTLs are required to control the virus and (b) they depend on CD4+ T cell help (8, 93, 135).”