Effect of temperature, salinity and light intensity on the growth of Gracilaria spp. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Japan, Malaysia and India

By S. Raikar, M. Iima, Y. Fujita. 2001

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Life history and molecular sequences of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), a new introduction to European waters (2005, result): “The same applies to a study by Raikar et al. (2001) in which an isolate of G. vermiculophylla from Nagasaki, Japan was included in growth experiments under various light intensities, temperatures and salinities.”
Seaweed aquaculture: cultivation technologies, challenges and its ecosystem services (2017, background): “They can survive temperature ranges from 0-35°C but have an optimal range of 20-28°C (Yokoya et al. 1999, Raikar et al. 2001, Abreu et al. 2011a, Kim et al. 2016).”
The future of seaweed aquaculture in a rapidly changing world (2017, background): “For Gracilaria, Raikar et al. (2001) reported that species from Malaysia, Japan and India showed slightly different temperature optima, with maximal growth for the Japanese species being ~20–25°C, while those from India and Malaysia had optima around 25–35°C, though most species examined showed dama”