Methods of estimating marine mammal diets: A review of validation experiments and sources of bias and uncertainty

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Diet tracing in ecology: Method comparison and selection (2017, methodology): “Recent reviews have focused primarily on one dietary method (Boecklen, Yarnes, Cook, & James, 2011; Evans, Kitson, Lunt, Straw, & Pocock, 2016), or described the use of selected methods for specific taxa (Bowen & Iverson, 2013) or for specific ecosystems (Traugott et al., 2013).”
Diet of beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas, in Alaska from stomach contents, March-November (2015, background): “Diet studies using stomach contents have well known biases (Tollit et al., 2010; Bowen and Iverson, 2012).”
Harbour seals target juvenile salmon of conservation concern (2017, background): “Diets of seals and sea lions, for example, are commonly described from morphological identification of hard prey remains recovered in faecal samples (scats) (Bowen and Iverson 2013).”