The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: A method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms

By P. Welch. 1967

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Citations in the corpus

Telling cause from effect in deterministic linear dynamical systems (2015, methodology): “The PSD of X and Y were estimated using Welch’s method (Welch, 1967).”
EEG Signal Analysis: A Survey (2010, methodology): “The Welch method is popularly used to estimate the power spectrum of a given time sequence [91].”
Investigation of noise sources in high-speed jets via correlation measurements (2005, methodology): “The Welch method of modified Periodograms (Welch 1967) was used to calculate individual power spectra and cross-spectra.”
REDFIT: estimating red-noise spectra directly from unevenly spaced paleoclimatic time series (2002, methodology): “Schulz and Stattegger (1997) presented a computer program for this purpose which makes additional use of the so-called Welch-overlapped-segment-averaging (WOSA) procedure (Welch, 1967).”
Person Authentication Using Brainwaves (EEG) and Maximum A Posteriori Model Adaptation (2007, methodology): “To estima te the power spectrum of each channel over the last second we used the Welch periodogram al gorithm [16].”
The remote environmental assessment laboratory's acoustic library: An archive for studying soundscape ecology (2012, methodology): “We computed spectrogram power spectral density using Welch’s method (Welch, 1967) with a 50% overlap between segments of length 1024 that were filtered using a Hamming window prior to processing with the fast Fourier transform.”
Coral reef species assemblages are associated with ambient soundscapes (2015, methodology): “228 Power spectra were produced for all clips using Welch’s method (Welch 1967).”
Practical Approach to Asynchronous Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection and Localization (2021, methodology): “We then utilize spectral analysis with Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) [31] on the univariate latent representation to identify a frequency vectorW of size S .”
A review of channel selection algorithms for EEG signal processing (2015, methodology): “For each subject, Welch ’ s method [66] was used to extract the features, which were then fed to the linear SVMs for classification.”
Assessment methods for unsteady flow distortion in aero-engine intakes (2018, methodology): “The Power Spectrum (PS) was computed with Welch’s average periodogram method [35] with two non-overlapping segments, and the frequency resolution and maximum frequency in the PS were approximately ΔSt=0.”
Blood Pressure Estimation from Photoplethysmogram Using a Spectro-Temporal Deep Neural Network (2019, methodology): “Most frequency domain features were computed from the PSD obtained using the Welch’s method [28].”
REDFIT-X: Cross-spectral analysis of unevenly spaced paleoclimate time series (2016, methodology): “The auto- and cross-spectra are estimated with the Lomb– Scargle Fourier transform (Lomb, 1976; Scargle, 1982) in combination with the “Welch's Overlapped Segment Averaging” (WOSA) procedure (Welch, 1967) as done in Schulz and Stattegger (1997).”