Relevance of mutations in the TLR4 receptor in patients with gram-negative septic shock.

By E. Lorenz, J. Mira, Kathy L. Frees, D. A. Schwartz. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2002

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A Common Dominant TLR5 Stop Codon Polymorphism Abolishes Flagellin Signaling and Is Associated with Susceptibility to Legionnaires' Disease (2003, background): “Recent analyses with TLR4 SNPs suggest a PAMP-specific influence of this gene on infectious disease susceptibility because TLR4 is associated with gram-negative bacterial infections (7, 8, 10, 11).”
Human toll-like receptor 4 mutations but not CD14 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of gram-negative infections. (2002, background): “A recent study investigated whether the presence of altered TLR4 alleles in patients with septic shock are associated with a more severe disease and less favorable outcome [14].”
LPS, TLR4 and infectious disease diversity (2005, background): “Interestingly, in a single study comparing individuals with clinical symptoms of septic shock to control individuals, only those with the less-responsive TLR4 alleles were observed in the septic shock grou”