Overview of MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, and Circulation
By Jacob A O'Brien, Heyam Hayder, Yara Zayed, C. Peng. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2018
4,511 citations recorded by the source corpus.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in regulating gene expression. The majority of miRNAs are transcribed from DNA sequences into primary miRNAs and processed into precursor miRNAs, and finally mature miRNAs. In most cases, miRNAs interact with the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of target mRNAs to induce mRNA degradation and translational repression. However, interaction of miRNAs with other regions, including the 5′ UTR, coding sequence, and gene promoters, have also been reported. Under certain conditions, miRNAs can also activate translation or regulate transcription. The interaction of miRNAs with their target genes is dynamic and dependent on many factors, such as subcellular location of miRNAs, the abundancy of miRNAs and target mRNAs, and the affinity of miRNA-mRNA interactions. miRNAs can be secreted into extracellular fluids and transported to target cells via vesicles, such as exosomes, or by binding to proteins, including Argonautes. Extracellular miRNAs function as chemical messengers to mediate cell-cell communication. In this review, we provide an update on canonical and non-canonical miRNA biogenesis pathways and various mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated gene regulations. We also summarize the current knowledge of the dynamics of miRNA action and of the secretion, transfer, and uptake of extracellular miRNAs.
Subfields: Cancer Research, Molecular Biology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e533fcb0d0fd4583c7ce2da7269eb8dbfb948b86
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In Molecular Biology
Citations in the corpus
- Transcription factors and evolution: An integral part of gene expression (Review) (2020, neutral): “MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small regulatory non‐coding RNAs that influence gene regulation (46).”
- Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy (2022, background): “MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ncRNAs (18-22 nucleotides) incorporated into Argonaute (Ago) protein to form miRISCs, which can inhibit the expression of partially or completely complementary target mRMAs.(236) Dysregulation of various miRNAs within different fluids (e.”
- NRF2, a Transcription Factor for Stress Response and Beyond (2020, background): “microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous single-stranded, noncoding RNAs with an average 22 nucleotides in length that repress gene expression by sequence-specific binding with mRNA molecules and subsequent inhibition of protein translation and destabilization of mRNA [39].”
- miRNAs as Biomarkers in Disease: Latest Findings Regarding Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis (2020, background): “The main role of miRNA in the human body is gene regulation [23] by mediating the degradation of mRNA and also by regulating transcription and translation through canonical and non-canonical mechanisms [4].”