Transport of drugs from the nasal cavity to the central nervous system.

By L. Illum. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2000

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Evaluation of intranasal delivery route of drug administration for brain targeting. (2018, neutral): “The nose-to-brain route via olfactory and respiratory epithelium may involve paracellular, transcellular and neuronal transport (Illum, 2003, 2000).”
Translocation of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles to the Brain (2004, background): “Translocation of the inhaled ultrafine carbon particles to the CNS could occur principally via two pathway: One is through access across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) of ultrafine particles after their translocation into the blood circulation from deposits anywhere in the respiratory tract; the othe”
Intranasal insulin improves memory in humans. (2004, background): “Substances such as insulin after intranasal administration are considered to enter the cerebrospinal fluid from the nasal mucosa via intercellular clefts along the nervus olfactorius and the bulbus olfactorius (Illum, 2000).”