Who may frown and who should smile? Dominance, affiliation, and the display of happiness and anger

By Ursula Hess, Reginald B. Adams, R. Kleck. 2005

242 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Social Psychology, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3cb752cfbd63370161ccb89039f46ad9c3e3062

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In Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

In Social Psychology

In Sociology and Political Science

Citations in the corpus

Female sexual orientation is perceived accurately, rapidly, and automatically from the face and its features (2009, background): “Additionally, the photos were pre-tested for potential confounds relating to stereotypes about straight and lesbian women, such as emotional expression ( Hess, Adams, & Kleck, 2005 ) and use of makeup (Krakauer & Rose, 2002).”
Effects of Dynamic Attributes of Smiles in Human and Synthetic Faces: A Simulated Job Interview Setting (2009, background): “Negative expressions such as anger are regarded as more appropriate in men than in women (Hess et al. 2005), so it is possible that temporal variations in facial displays of anger might lead to different judgments depending on the sex of the encoder.”
Recognizing Emotions in a Foreign Language (2009, background): “…in each language; we did not include expressions which contain emotional blends which are commonly encountered in natural discourse, nor those which reflect instances where a speaker attempts to disguise or modify the intensity of their emotional expressions for social purposes (Hess et al. 2005).”
Temporal Aspects of Facial Displays in Person and Expression Perception: The Effects of Smile Dynamics, Head-tilt, and Gender (2007, background): “In addition, Hess et al. (2005) found higher ratings of attractiveness for women and dominance for men Table 3 Pearson's correlations between dependent measures Dependent measure Dependent measure Attractive Dominant Fake Flirtatious Trustworthy 0.34*** –0.12 –0.35*** 0.15 Attractive 0.29** –0.17…”
The Intersection of Gender-Related Facial Appearance and Facial Displays of Emotion (2015, background): “Indeed, when in conflict with gender information, facial appearance appears to take precedence, even leading to counterstereotypic impressions of associated emotional expectations (Hess et al., 2005).”
Gender, emotion and power in work relationships (2011, background): “To add to this complexity, smiles are often confounded by gender (Hess et al., 2005).”
Looking at You or Looking Elsewhere: The Influence of Head Orientation on the Signal Value of Emotional Facial Expressions (2007, unknown): “…when shown by women, whereas anger is better recognized when shown by men, replicates findings by Hess et al. (2000) and fits with the notion that emotions that are closer to the stereotypical expectations for women’s emotionality are better recognized when shown by women (see Hess et al. 2005).”
What Drives the Smile and the Tear: Why Women Are More Emotionally Expressive Than Men (2015, result): “Work-related situations showed the largest sex difference, in line with the previously mentioned study by Hess et al. (2000). Lombardo et al.”