NEUTRINO-DRIVEN SUPERNOVA OF A LOW-MASS IRON-CORE PROGENITOR BOOSTED BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT CONVECTION

By T. Melson, Hans-Thomas Janka, Andreas Marek. 2015

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We present the first successful simulation of a neutrino-driven supernova explosion in three dimensions (3D), using the Prometheus-Vertex code with an axis-free Yin–Yang grid and a sophisticated treatment of three-flavor, energy-dependent neutrino transport. The progenitor is a nonrotating, zero-metallicity 9.6 M ⊙ ?> star with an iron core. While in spherical symmetry outward shock acceleration sets in later than 300 ms after bounce, a successful explosion starts at ∼130 ms postbounce in two dimensions (2D). The 3D model explodes at about the same time but with faster shock expansion than in 2D and a more quickly increasing and roughly 10% higher explosion energy of >1050 erg. The more favorable explosion conditions in 3D are explained by lower temperatures and thus reduced neutrino emission in the cooling layer below the gain radius. This moves the gain radius inward and leads to a bigger mass in the gain layer, whose larger recombination energy boosts the explosion energy in 3D. These differences are caused by less coherent, less massive, and less rapid convective downdrafts associated with postshock convection in 3D. The less violent impact of these accretion downflows in the cooling layer produces less shock heating and therefore diminishes energy losses by neutrino emission. We thus have, for the first time, identified a reduced mass accretion rate, lower infall velocities, and a smaller surface filling factor of convective downdrafts as consequences of 3D postshock turbulence that facilitate neutrino-driven explosions and strengthen them compared to the 2D case.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e3170fdefe06fdb57a1c7ff0ec15b48b8d3badcb

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Citations in the corpus

A successful 3D core-collapse supernova explosion model (2018, methodology): “Later, this group (Melson et al. 2015a) witnessed the explosion of a zero-metallicity 9.6-”
Exploring Fundamentally Three-dimensional Phenomena in High-fidelity Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae (2018, unknown): “(Hanke et al. 2013; Melson et al. 2015b,a; Lentz et al. 2015; Roberts et al. 2016; Ott et al. 2018; Summa et al. 2018).”
A simple approach to the supernova progenitor–explosion connection (2016, background): “Furthermore, in some multi-D simulations (Marek & Janka 2009 ; M¨uller et al. 2012a; Lentz et al. 2015 ; Melson et al.2015b), shock revival is delayed considerably beyond the infall of the Si/O interface and is instead triggered by a continuing improvement of the heating conditions due to the…”
Neutron Star Kicks by the Gravitational Tug-boat Mechanism in Asymmetric Supernova Explosions: Progenitor and Explosion Dependence (2016, background): “Although such scenarios are plausible, given the large explosion asymmetries seen in recent 3D SN models (e.g., Melson et al. 2015a; Lentz et al. 2015; Müller 2016), a direct numerical demonstration of NS kicks beyond 1000 km s−1 by the gravitational tug-boat mechanism in 3D SN simulations is…”
The Status of Multi-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models (2016, methodology): “Moreover, Müller et al. (2016a) simulated the entire sphere using an overset Yin-Yang grid (Kageyama & Sato 2004; Wongwathanarat et al. 2010) as implemented (with some improvements) in the Prometheus supernova code (Melson 2013; Melson et al. 2015a).”
The Gravitational Wave Signal from Core-collapse Supernovae (2018, background): “…unaffordable, general-relativistic 3D simulations of CCSNe with stateof-the-art neutrino physics have been recently performed by a number of groups (Melson et al. 2015b,a; Lentz et al. 2015; Müller et al. 2017; Ott et al. 2017; see also Takiwaki et al. 2012; Ott et al. 2013; Takiwaki et al. 2014;…”
THE REMARKABLE DEATHS OF 9–11 SOLAR MASS STARS (2015, result): “…of 56Ni in 10M⊙ explosions is consistent with previous studies (Kitaura et al. 2006; Wanajo et al. 2009), and pending further multi-dimensional modeling (e.g. Melson et al. 2015) and studies of the nucleosynthesis in the neutrinopowered wind, we believe it to be a good factor of two estimate.”
Gravitational wave signals from 3D neutrino hydrodynamics simulations of core-collapse supernovae (2016, background): “Additionally,the exploding20M (cid:2) model s20s (Melson et al. 2015b, with a mod-iﬁed axial-vector coupling constant for neutral current scattering) illustrates changes in the GW signal in exploding models.”
Supernova simulations from a 3D progenitor model - Impact of perturbations and evolution of explosion properties (2017, methodology): “…possible ingredients for more robust neutrino-driven explosions have recently been explored, including rapid rotation (Janka et al. 2016; Takiwaki et al. 2016) and a reduction of neutralcurrent neutrino-nucleon scattering opacities (Melson et al. 2015b; Horowitz et al. 2017; Burrows et al. 2016).”
A TWO-PARAMETER CRITERION FOR CLASSIFYING THE EXPLODABILITY OF MASSIVE STARS BY THE NEUTRINO-DRIVEN MECHANISM (2015, background): “…to the progress in 2D and 3D modeling and in particular also through improvements in the treatment of the crucial neutrino physics and transport in collapsing stellar cores (see, e.g., Janka et al. 2012; Janka 2012; Burrows 2013; Mezzacappa et al. 2015; Melson et al. 2015, and references therein).”
NEUTRINO-DRIVEN EXPLOSION OF A 20 SOLAR-MASS STAR IN THREE DIMENSIONS ENABLED BY STRANGE-QUARK CONTRIBUTIONS TO NEUTRINO–NUCLEON SCATTERING (2015, background): “…and 3D. Recently, the Garching group has obtained a 3D explosion for a 9.6 M star with a sophisticated, state-of-theart ray-by-ray-plus (RbR+), multi-group transport solver and found that 3D hydrodynamic flows enhance the explosion energy compared to the 2D (axisymmetric) case (Melson et al. 2015).”
Characterizing the Gravitational Wave Signal from Core-collapse Supernovae (2018, unknown): “…neutrino-radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of CCSNe have become available in the past several years (Tamborra et al. 2013; Lentz et al. 2015; Melson et al. 2015a, 2015b; Roberts et al. 2016; Müller et al. 2017; Glas et al. 2019; Kuroda et al. 2018; O’Connor & Couch 2018; Ott et al. 2018;…”
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA SIMULATED USING A 15 M⊙ PROGENITOR (2015, background): “The 3D simulations of the Garching group (Hanke et al. 2013; Tamborra et al. 2013, 2014; Melson et al. 2015a) all exhibit declining Rshock that are only (temporarily) reversed by sharp declines in accretion.”
CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE FROM 9 TO 120 SOLAR MASSES BASED ON NEUTRINO-POWERED EXPLOSIONS (2015, methodology): “Such stars are known to have compact structures that explode easily by the neutrino-heating mechanism, even in spherical symmetry (Kitaura et al. 2006; Fischer et al. 2010; Melson et al. 2015).”
Three-dimensional simulations of neutrino-driven core-collapse supernovae from low-mass single and binary star progenitors (2018, methodology): “Except for low-energy explosions from the least massive progenitors (Melson et al. 2015a; Müller et al. 2018), self-consistent 3D models cannot yet follow neutrino-driven explosions sufficiently far to obtain fully converged explosion energies and remnant properties.”