A functional basis for engineering design: Reconciling and evolving previous efforts

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Comparing Three Different Modularity Methods (2003, background): “All products are decomposed to approximately the same level and the same functional basis terms [22] are used when possible.”
The evolution, challenges, and future of knowledge representation in product design systems (2013, methodology): “Developing different techniques in functional modeling provides an abstract and direct method for understanding and representing an overall product or artifact function without reliance on physical structure [37].”
On the benefits and pitfalls of analogies for innovative design : Ideation performance based on analogical distance, commonness, and modality of examples (2011, methodology): “Design-by-analogy is clearly a powerful tool in the conceptual design process, and a number of methods have been developed to harness its power, such as Synectics [12]—group design through analogy types; French's work on inspiration from nature [13]; Biomimetic concept generation [14]—a systematic t”
Affordance based design: a relational theory for design (2009, background): “They state ‘‘in engineering design, the end goal is the creation of an artifact, product, system, or process that performs a function or functions to fulﬁll customer need(s)’’ (Hirtz et al. 2001, 2002).”