Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection

By R. Anthony, L. Rutitzky, J. Urban, M. Stadecker, W. Gause. Nature reviews. Immunology, 2007

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Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths (2011, background): “In both humans and animals, this canonical response is of the T H 2 type and involves the cytokines interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10 and IL-13, the antibody isotypes IgG1, IgG4 and IgE, and expanded populations of eosinophils, basophils, mast cells and alternatively activated macrophage”
Toll-like receptor–induced arginase 1 in macrophages thwarts effective immunity against intracellular pathogens (2008, background): “Although Arg1 is expressed by AAMs in response to infection by extracellular pathogens such nematodes and trematode”
Systemically dispersed innate IL-13–expressing cells in type 2 immunity (2010, background): “Multiple reports also describe a role for these cells in producing and secreting the Th2-associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and function marking using cytokine reporter mice has contributed directly to investigations of these cells (12, 16, 17).”
The biological functions of T helper 17 cell effector cytokines in inflammation. (2008, neutral): “For example, Th1 cells enhance the cellular immunity against virus or intracellular pathogens, such as Leishmania major (Sacks and Noben-Trauth, 2002), whereas Th2 cells are important for humoral immunity and control of helminth infections (Anthony et al., 2007).”