Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth

By Julia Foreman, V. Demidchik, J. Bothwell, P. Mylona, H. Miedema, M. Torres, P. Linstead, S. Costa, C. Brownlee, Jonathan D. G. Jones and 2 more. Nature, 2003

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Cell expansion is a central process in plant morphogenesis, and the elongation of roots and root hairs is essential for uptake of minerals and water from the soil. Ca2+ influx from the extracellular store is required for (and sets the rates of) cell elongation in roots. Arabidopsis thaliana rhd2 mutants are defective in Ca2+ uptake and consequently cell expansion is compromised—rhd2 mutants have short root hairs and stunted roots. To determine the regulation of Ca2+ acquisition in growing root cells we show here that RHD2 is an NADPH oxidase, a protein that transfers electrons from NADPH to an electron acceptor leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show that ROS accumulate in growing wild-type (WT) root hairs but their levels are markedly decreased in rhd2 mutants. Blocking the activity of the NADPH oxidase with diphenylene iodonium (DPI) inhibits ROS formation and phenocopies Rhd2-. Treatment of rhd2 roots with ROS partly suppresses the mutant phenotype and stimulates the activity of plasma membrane hyperpolarization-activated Ca2+ channels, the predominant root Ca2+ acquisition system. This indicates that NADPH oxidases control development by making ROS that regulate plant cell expansion through the activation of Ca2+ channels.

Subfields: Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e2203fb4897f59d780c31d0908781a9a3e6579d1

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Citations in the corpus

Root Development and Nutrient Uptake (2006, background): “HACCs have been identified in root cells (Kiegle et al., 2000; Véry and Davies, 2000; Foreman et al., 2003) and cells of other plant organs (Pickard and Ding, 1993; Blumwald et al.”
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Iron supply prevents Cd uptake in Arabidopsis by inhibiting IRT1 expression and favoring competition between Fe and Cd uptake (2017, methodology): “4) (Foreman et al. 2003) for 20 min at 37 °C, washed three times in HEPES-NaOH buffers and then observed under a microscope (Nikon Eclipse E600, Nikon, excitation 488 nm, emission 495–575 nm).”
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Interactions between hormone and redox signalling pathways in the control of growth and cross tolerance to stress (2013, background): “Glutathione can modulate the activities of MAP kinases in a number of ways such as thiol-disulphide exchange and glutathionylation (Foyer and Noctor, 2005) and by influencing cytosolic Ca2+ signalling (Foreman et al., 2003; Evans et al., 2005).”
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Reactive oxygen species as signals that modulate plant stress responses and programmed cell death (2006, background): “For example, localized production of O 2 by NADPH oxidase in the root hair tip triggers Ca2þ peaks necessary for the root hair growth.((18)) This spatial regulation of NADPH oxidase activity is regulated by the Rho-like GTPases.”
REVIEW: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION Pollen tube growth and guidance: roles of small, secreted proteins (2011, background): “ROS are known to influence intracellular signalling by activating calcium channels in the plasma membrane (Pei et al., 2000; Foreman et al., 2003).”