Local, efflux-dependent auxin gradients as a common module for plant organ formation.

By E. Benková, M. Michniewicz, M. Sauer, T. Teichmann, Daniela Seifertová, G. Jürgens, Jir□í Friml. Cell, 2003

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Plants, compared to animals, exhibit an amazing adaptability and plasticity in their development. This is largely dependent on the ability of plants to form new organs, such as lateral roots, leaves, and flowers during postembryonic development. Organ primordia develop from founder cell populations into organs by coordinated cell division and differentiation. Here, we show that organ formation in Arabidopsis involves dynamic gradients of the signaling molecule auxin with maxima at the primordia tips. These gradients are mediated by cellular efflux requiring asymmetrically localized PIN proteins, which represent a functionally redundant network for auxin distribution in both aerial and underground organs. PIN1 polar localization undergoes a dynamic rearrangement, which correlates with establishment of auxin gradients and primordium development. Our results suggest that PIN-dependent, local auxin gradients represent a common module for formation of all plant organs, regardless of their mature morphology or developmental origin.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e21ac0c10fc240c51d1e1376c07c13f17ad4bf7c

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Citations in the corpus

The Ancestral Developmental Tool Kit of Land Plants (2007, background): “…contains eight PIN genes, each of which has a unique expression pattern, resulting in a complex network to transport auxin directionally in a tissue- and cell-specific manner (Galweiler et al. 1998; Benkova et al. 2003; Friml et al. 2003; Blilou et al. 2005; Leyser 2005; Paponov et al. 2005).”
Antagonistic regulation of PIN phosphorylation by PP2A and PINOID directs auxin flux. (2007, methodology): “Furthermore, PIN localization can be modulated by environmental (e.g., gravity) or developmental cues (Friml et al., 2002b, 2003; Benková et al., 2003; Reinhardt r Inc. et al., 2003; Scarpella et al., 2006).”
Regulation of Root Growth by Plant Hormones—Roles for Auxin and Gibberellin (2005, background): “PIN6 and PIN7 are also reported in roots ( Benkova et al. , 2003 ; Blilou et al.”
PIN-Dependent Auxin Transport: Action, Regulation, and Evolution (2015, methodology): “The examples of auxin-mediated formation of organs, such as cotyledons, lateral roots, leaves, or flowers, point at a common mode of auxin action (Benková et al., 2003), in which PIN proteins, by their coordinated polarized localizations, direct auxin transport such that auxin accumulates locally…”
Physiological and Molecular Regulation of Adventitious Root Formation (2015, background): “The PIN2 auxin efflux carrier appears to function in LRs in a manner analogous to its role in the primary root where it balances auxin supply and retrieves auxin through outer layers of the primordium (Benkov a et al., 2003).”
Auxin acts as a local morphogenetic trigger to specify lateral root founder cells (2008, background): “As established, DR5 is expressed in response to activated auxin signaling in a given cell and thus, indirectly, DR5 expression positively correlates with cellular auxin levels (6, 16, 17).”
Nitrate-responsive miR393/AFB3 regulatory module controls root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana (2010, background): “Because of its central role in root development (44, 45) a role for auxin has been proposed in the modulation of RSA in response to nutrients (46–51).”
Patterns of Auxin Transport and Gene Expression during Primordium Development Revealed by Live Imaging of the Arabidopsis Inflorescence Meristem (2005, positive): “PIN1 Undergoes Cyclic Changes in Polarity and Expression Previous work has indicated that primordium positioning is mediated by localized auxin concentrations that are in turn patterned by the activity of the auxin efflux mediator PIN1 [1, 3, 4, 25, 26].”
Plant root growth, architecture and function (2009, background): “The auxin efflux system regulated by PIN protein family members is also crucial for lateral root development (Benkova et al. 2003).”
Role of cytokinin and auxin in shaping root architecture: regulating vascular differentiation, lateral root initiation, root apical dominance and root gravitropism. (2006, background): “Polar accumulation of PIN proteins at specific sites of the plasma membrane enables detection of the polar IAA transport direction (Friml et al., 2002, 2004; Benková et al., 2003; Blilou et al., 2005).”
Control of leaf vascular patterning by polar auxin transport. (2006, background): “The use of a functional PIN1:GFP translational fusion with expression profiles indistinguishable from those of immunolocalized PIN1 protein (Benkova et al. 2003) allowed for reproducibility assessment of all reported features in hundreds of optimally oriented whole-mount specimens (Supplementary…”