TWO WIDE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANIONS TO SOLAR-TYPE STARS IN UPPER SCORPIUS

By Michael J. Ireland, A. Kraus, F. Martinache, N. M. Law, L. Hillenbrand. 2010

136 citations recorded by the source corpus.

At wide separations, planetary-mass and brown dwarf companions to solar-type stars occupy a curious region of parameter space not obviously linked to binary star formation or solar system scale planet formation. These companions provide insight into the extreme case of companion formation (either binary or planetary), and due to their relative ease of observation when compared to close companions, they offer a useful template for our expectations of more typical planets. We present the results from an adaptive optics imaging survey for wide (∼50–500 AU) companions to solar-type stars in Upper Scorpius. We report one new discovery of a ∼14 MJ companion around GSC 06214−00210and confirm that the candidate planetary-mass companion 1RXS J160929.1−210524 detected by Lafrenière et al. is in fact comoving with its primary star. In our survey, these two detections correspond to ∼4% of solar-type stars having companions in the 6–20 MJ mass and ∼200–500 AU separation range. This figure is higher than would be expected if brown dwarfs and planetary-mass companions were drawn from an extrapolation of the binary mass function. Finally, we discuss implications for the formation of these objects.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Education, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e20b1d9e7c458a7b2d9b3d75078e7e94fab5a07d

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. B. Bowler
2. Michael C. Liu
3. Eric Mamajek
4. K. Luhman
5. T. Dupuy
6. C. Mordasini
7. K. Allers
8. Th. Henning

In Education

1. Michael C. Liu
2. B. Bowler
3. K. Allers
4. E. Shkolnik
5. K. Luhman
6. T. Dupuy
7. Eric Mamajek
8. C. Mordasini

In Instrumentation

1. B. Bowler
2. Michael C. Liu
3. Eric Mamajek
4. T. Dupuy
5. K. Luhman
6. K. Allers
7. E. Shkolnik
8. M. Pecaut

Citations in the corpus

• Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets (2016, background): “Ireland et al. (2011) found the frequency of 6– 20 MJup companions from ≈200–500 AU to be ∼4 +5 −1% in Upper Scorpius.”
• THE GEMINI/NICI PLANET-FINDING CAMPAIGN: THE FREQUENCY OF PLANETS AROUND YOUNG MOVING GROUP STARS (2013, background): “…(e.g., Chauvin et al. 2005a; Marois et al. 2008, 2010; Kalas et al. 2008; Lafrenière et al. 2008; Lagrange et al. 2009, 2010; Todorov et al. 2010; Ireland et al. 2011; Luhman et al. 2011; Kraus & Ireland 2012; Rameau et al. 2013b; Quanz et al. 2013; Kuzuhara et al. 2013; Bowler ∗ Based on…”
• A REVISED AGE FOR UPPER SCORPIUS AND THE STAR FORMATION HISTORY AMONG THE F-TYPE MEMBERS OF THE SCORPIUS–CENTAURUS OB ASSOCIATION (2011, methodology): “…Sciences, Arlington, VA 22207-4299,USA 3 Current address: Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile masses for very low-mass companions to members of the stellar population depend critically on the assumed age (e.g., Lafrenière et al. 2008; Ireland et al. 2011).”
• THE HAWAII INFRARED PARALLAX PROGRAM. II. YOUNG ULTRACOOL FIELD DWARFS (2016, background): “…and mass ratios with respect to the host star (Chauvin et al. 2005b; Luhman et al. 2006; Lafrenière et al. 2008; Lagrange et al. 2009, 2010; Ireland et al. 2011; Janson et al. 2012; Carson et al. 2013; Kuzuhara et al. 2013; Rameau et al. 2013; Bailey et al. 2014; Macintosh et al. 2015;…”
• THE DISK POPULATION OF THE UPPER SCORPIUS ASSOCIATION (2012, background): “Thus, secondaries that have been resolved only by high-resolution imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope or adaptive optics do not receive separate entries in our catalog of members (Luhman 2005; Kraus et al. 2005; Lafrenière et al. 2008, 2011; Biller et al. 2011; Ireland et al. 2011).”
• The great escape: how exoplanets and smaller bodies desert dying stars (2011, unknown): “1−210524 (Lafrenière, Jayawardhana & van Kerkwijk 2010) and GSC 06214−00210 (Ireland et al. 2011) satisfy 300 < a < 500 au.”
• DISCOVERY OF A PROBABLE 4–5 JUPITER-MASS EXOPLANET TO HD 95086 BY DIRECT IMAGING (2013, background): “As a result, very few planetary-mass companions have been detected by direct imaging, initially at relatively large separations (≥ 100 AU) around solar-type to low-mass stars (e.g., Chauvin et al. 2005, Béjar et al. 2008, Lafrenière et al. 2008, and Ireland et al. 2011).”
• Stellar Multiplicity (2013, background): “…discovered a small number of planetary-mass companions (∼ 4–20 MJup) at distances of & 100AU from young stars in nearby star-forming regions (Chauvin et al. 2004, Ireland et al. 2011, Lafrenière, Jayawardhana & van Kerkwijk 2008, Luhman et al. 2006, Neuhäuser et al. 2005, Schmidt et al. 2008).”
• Discovery of a warm, dusty giant planet around HIP 65426 (2017, background): “…and cooler than the late-M brown dwarf companions discovered by Aller et al. (2013) and Hinkley et al. (2015) and the massive planetary mass companions GSC 06214-00210 b (14 − 17 MJup at 320 au; M9 at 5 Myr; Lachapelle et al. 2015; Ireland et al. 2011), UScoCTIO 108 b (6 − 16 MJup at 670 au; M9.”