Superabsorbent hydrogels based on cellulose for smart swelling and controllable delivery

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Cellulose in NaOH–water based solvents: a review (2016, methodology): “Cellulose chemical cross-linking with epichlorohydrin in aqueous NaOH was performed (Zhou et al. 2007; Chang et al. 2010a; Qin et al. 2013).”
Polymer Hydrogels: A Review (2011, result): “Another study obtained the same findings using various kinds of electrolyte solutions such as NaCl and CaCl 2 — the ionic strength has a significant effect on absorption capacity by decreasing the ability of hydrogel to uptake more water [ 47 ] .”
Cross-linking in Hydrogels - A Review (2014, background): “Classification of hydrogels: Hydrogels can be classified into physical and chemical hydrogels based on their cross-linking mechanism [19, 28].”
Advances in cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels (2015, methodology): “Likewise, a cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogel was fabricated by the interaction between cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC) in the alkaline/urea aqueous medium [20].”