Biological Activities of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: Oxidative Stress versus Signal Transduction

By A. Weidinger, Andrey V. Kozlov. Biomolecules, 2015

597 citations recorded by the source corpus.

In the past, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) were shown to cause oxidative damage to biomolecules, contributing to the development of a variety of diseases. However, recent evidence has suggested that intracellular RONS are an important component of intracellular signaling cascades. The aim of this review was to consolidate old and new ideas on the chemical, physiological and pathological role of RONS for a better understanding of their properties and specific activities. Critical consideration of the literature reveals that deleterious effects do not appear if only one primary species (superoxide radical, nitric oxide) is present in a biological system, even at high concentrations. The prerequisite of deleterious effects is the formation of highly reactive secondary species (hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite), emerging exclusively upon reaction with another primary species or a transition metal. The secondary species are toxic, not well controlled, causing irreversible damage to all classes of biomolecules. In contrast, primary RONS are well controlled (superoxide dismutase, catalase), and their reactions with biomolecules are reversible, making them ideal for physiological/pathophysiological intracellular signaling. We assume that whether RONS have a signal transducing or damaging effect is primarily defined by their quality, being primary or secondary RONS, and only secondly by their quantity.

Subfields: Inorganic Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e15359663bb3a96f40ad3a926fc232041de8d3e8

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Citations in the corpus

• Oxidative stress in the aging substantia nigra and the etiology of Parkinson's disease (2019, background): “These ROS can trigger the formation of hydroxyl radicals (●OH), which are thought to mediate primary neuronal oxidative damage both within and out‐ side of mitochondria following their diffusion out of mitochondria (Weidinger & Kozlov, 2015).”
• Reciprocal regulation of TGF-β and reactive oxygen species: A perverse cycle for fibrosis (2015, unknown): “Such a redox imbalance contributes importantly to TGF-β 's pathophysiologic effects including fi brosis [75].”
• Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress: A Mutual Interplay in Age-Related Diseases (2018, background): “Oxidative stress is reinforced by several reactive species, including H2O2, singlet oxygen, other radicals, and non-radicals, which are consistently produced in the body due to the aerobic metabolism, and thereby potentially altering basic structural components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic ”
• The Role of Sirtuins in Antioxidant and Redox Signaling (2017, background): “On the contrary, secondary RS such as the hydroxyl radical (HO ) and peroxynitrite (ONOO) are more toxic to the cell and generally form when an abundance of more than one primary RS is present (175).”