Activation of the interferon-alpha pathway identifies a subgroup of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with distinct serologic features and active disease.

By K. Kirou, Christina Lee, Sandhya George, Kyriakos Louca, M. Peterson, M. Crow. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2005

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Immunomodulatory functions of type I interferons (2012, background): “The activation of pDCs by nucleic acid-containing immune complexes leads to the production of large amounts of type I IFNs, and elevated levels of IFNα are detected in the blood of patients with SL”
Personalized Immunomonitoring Uncovers Molecular Networks That Stratify Lupus Patients (2016, neutral): “Most studies have focused on IFN-induced transcripts or proteins as bio- markers (Chiche et al., 2014; Kirou et al., 2005; Petri et al., 2009) and suffer from sample-size limitations and disease- inherent clinical and therapeutic heterogeneity, making data interpretationdifficult.”