NAC Transcription Factors, NST1 and NST3, Are Key Regulators of the Formation of Secondary Walls in Woody Tissues of Arabidopsis[W][OA]

By Nobutaka Mitsuda, Akira Iwase, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Masato Yoshida, Motoaki Seki, Kazuo Shinozaki, M. Ohme-Takagi. The Plant Cell Online, 2007

798 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Wood is formed by the successive addition of secondary xylem, which consists of cells with a conspicuously thickened secondary wall composed mainly of lignin and cellulose. Several genes involved in lignin and cellulose biosynthesis have been characterized, but the factors that regulate the formation of secondary walls in woody tissues remain to be identified. In this study, we show that plant-specific transcription factors, designated NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR1 (NST1) and NST3, are key regulators of the formation of secondary walls in woody tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. In nst1-1 nst3-1 double knockout plants, the secondary wall thickenings in interfascicular fibers and secondary xylem, except for vascular vessels, were completely suppressed without affecting formation of cells destined to be woody tissues. Conversely, as shown previously for NST1, overexpression of NST3 induced ectopic secondary wall thickenings in various aboveground tissues. Furthermore, the expression of chimeric repressors derived from NST1 and NST3 suppressed secondary wall thickenings in the presumptive interfascicular fibers. Because putative orthologs of NST1 and NST3 are present in the genome of poplar, our results suggest that they are also key regulators of the formation of secondary walls in woody plants and could be used as a tool for the genetic engineering of wood and its derivatives.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dfa8d4a97340c61d13bf0e6f2f6da35d70a92427

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In Molecular Biology

1. T. Umezawa
2. C. Chapple
3. Z. Ye
4. R. Zhong
5. Jianli Zhou
6. Chanhui Lee
7. M. Yamaguchi
8. Nicholas D. Bonawitz

In Plant Science

1. T. Umezawa
2. Z. Ye
3. R. Zhong
4. Jianli Zhou
5. Chanhui Lee
6. E. Richardson
7. C. Chapple
8. M. Yamaguchi

Citations in the corpus

• Plant Fiber Formation: State of the Art, Recent and Expected Progress, and Open Questions (2012, background): “…ANAC012) and NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR1 (NST1), which are individually capable of inducing the secondary wall formation in parenchyma cells and are needed for secondary wall formation in the fibers (Mitsuda et al., 2005, 2007; Zhong et al., 2006, 2007a, 2008; Ko et al., 2007).”
• Biosynthesis and Regulation of Phenylpropanoids in Plants (2017, background): “NST1 and SND1 act redundantly in fiber secondary wall formation (Mitsuda et al., 2005, 2007; Zhao and Dixon, 2011; Zhong and Ye, 2014).”
• The shikimate pathway and aromatic amino Acid biosynthesis in plants. (2012, background): “mutant defective in NST1 and NST3, NAC transcription factors regulating secondary wall formation (123).”
• MYB58 and MYB63 Are Transcriptional Activators of the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway during Secondary Cell Wall Formation in Arabidopsis[C][W] (2009, methodology): “SND1 and NST1 function redundantly in turning on the secondary wall biosynthetic program in fibers (Zhong et al., 2006, 2007b;Mitsuda et al., 2007), whereas NST1 and NST2 are switches for secondary wall biosynthesis in the endothecium of anthers (Mitsuda et al., 2005).”
• The genetics of lignin biosynthesis: connecting genotype to phenotype. (2010, background): “For instance, disruption of NST1 and SND1 in Arabidopsis leads to a loss of lignin and secondary wall thickening specifically in fibers (81, 148), whereas VND6 and VND7 are thought to function similarly in vessels (62), and the effectors lying downstream of each are largely overlapping.”
• Genetic improvement of C4 grasses as cellulosic biofuel feedstocks (2009, background): “…et al. 2006; DeBolt et al. 2007; Desprez et al. 2007; Lindeboom et al. 2008; Paredez et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2008) and the regulation of these pathways (Mitsuda et al. 2005; Zhong et al. 2006; Mitsuda et al. 2007; Zhong et al. 2007a, b; Zhong and Ye 2007; Xu et al. 2008; Zhong et al. 2008).”
• The MYB46 Transcription Factor Is a Direct Target of SND1 and Regulates Secondary Wall Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (2007, background): “The overexpression studies of transcription factors from this and several other reports (Kubo et al., 2005; Mitsuda et al., 2005, 2007; Zhong et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2007) demonstrate that most parenchyma cells remain competent to enter the secondary wall biosynthetic program and that whether a…”
• Transcriptional regulation of secondary wall formation controlled by NAC domain proteins (2010, background): “Double knockouts of the nst1 and nst2 or nst1 and snd1/nst3/anac012 loci showed defects in secondary cell wall formation of anther cells or fiber cells and valve margin and endocarp cells in siliques, respectively (Mitsuda et al. 2007; Mitsuda and Ohme-Takagi 2008; Zhong et al. 2007b).”
• A Bioinformatic Analysis of NAC Genes for Plant Cell Wall Development in Relation to Lignocellulosic Bioenergy Production (2009, background): “NST1 and NST2 function redundantly in secondary wall formation in anther endothecium cells in Arabidopsis, whereas NST1 and NST3 act redundantly in promoting cell wall thickening of the interfascicular fibers and secondary xylem vessels [15–17].”
• Comprehending crystalline β-carotene accumulation by comparing engineered cell models and the natural carotenoid-rich system of citrus (2011, neutral): “Single loss-of-function mutants of snd1 or nst1 have no observable phenotype, but developing fibres in the snd1nst1 double mutant retain the general fibre cell shape without developing secondary cell walls (Mitsuda et al., 2007; Zhong et al., 2007b).”
• The cinnamate/monolignol pathway (2010, background): “…activation experiments of the transcription factors in addition to their chimeric repressor silencing, double RNAi inhibition, and double T-DNA knockout experiments (Mitsuda et al. 2005; Kubo et al. 2005; Zhong et al. 2006, 2007a, b, 2008; Mitsuda et al. 2007; Yang et al. 2007; Zhou et al. 2009).”
• A Battery of Transcription Factors Involved in the Regulation of Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (2008, background): “While SND1 and NST1 function redundantly in the activation of secondary wall biosynthesis in fibers (Zhong et al., 2006, 2007b; Mitsuda et al., 2007), VND6 and VND7 were proposed to regulate the differentiation of metaxylem and protoxylam, respectively, in primary roots (Kubo et al.”