The genetics of lignin biosynthesis: connecting genotype to phenotype.

By Nicholas D. Bonawitz, C. Chapple. Annual Review of Genetics, 2010

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Comprehending crystalline β-carotene accumulation by comparing engineered cell models and the natural carotenoid-rich system of citrus (2011, neutral): “CAD genes, has less, if any, effect on the plant biomass production (Bonawitz and Chapple, 2010).”
The cell biology of lignification in higher plants. (2015, background): “The enzymatic steps leading to the synthesis of these lignin monomers have been extensively reviewed (Boerjan et al., 2003; Bonawitz and Chapple, 2010; Vanholme et al., 2010), although new biosynthetic steps within the pathway are still being discovered.”
Toward Thermoplastic Lignin Polymers; Part II: Thermal & Polymer Characteristics of Kraft Lignin & Derivatives (2013, background): “…hydroxycinnamyl alcohol precursors (monolignols), i.e., p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and synapyl alcohol, which lead to p-hydroxylphenylpropane (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) structural units being incorporated into their complex structure (Boerjan et al. 2003; Bonawitz 2010).”
An overview of lignin metabolism and its effect on biomass recalcitrance (2012, background): “In most dicotyledonous plants, thickening of secondary walls occurs mainly in water-conducing cells of the xylem, which tend to contain higher levels of G units, and in structural fi bers, which are typically enriched in S units (Bonawitz & Chapple 2010, fi gure 2).”